He was captured by the German Army and then committed suicide. Furthermore, Hitler, in contrast to Stalin, was able to add the authority of "spiritual founder" of national socialism to that of party leader. 6 December]1878[1] 5 March 1953) was a Georgian-born[h] Soviet revolutionary and political leader who led the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. addressing the closing ceremony of the chennai international book fair that began on monday, stalin said the state government has allotted rs 3 crore as translation grants and rs 6 crore for. He further states the estimate is far lower than the estimates of 20million or above which were made before access to the archives. This has been a period replete with events of a decisive nature. "If Stalin was such a bad guy, why do all these people have to resort to attributing to him almost entirely quotes he didn't make, or manipulate his actual quotes just enough to make them seem evil?" Joseph Stalin 19 likes Like "We don't let them have ideas. . [108] There he led the imprisoned Bolsheviks, organised discussion groups, and ordered the killing of suspected informants. [802] His taste in music and theatre was conservative, favouring classical drama, opera, and ballet over what he dismissed as experimental "formalism". [718] Stalin's push for Soviet westward expansion into eastern Europe resulted in accusations of Russian imperialism. [614] He gambled that the others would not risk war, but they airlifted supplies into West Berlin until May 1949, when Stalin relented and ended the blockade. [720] In private he often used coarse language and profanity, although avoided doing so in public. [89] Lenin and Stalin disagreed with this decision[90] and later privately discussed how they could continue the robberies for the Bolshevik cause. [290], In late 1924, Stalin moved against Kamenev and Zinoviev, removing their supporters from key positions. [1] [2] He has led campaigns against the militarisation of education in Sri Lanka. [451] Militarily, the Soviets also faced a threat from the east, with Soviet troops clashing with the expansionist Japanese in the latter part of the 1930s. He remained in control of the USSR until his death in 1953. [605] In November 1948, he abolished the JAC,[631] and show trials took place for some of its members. Leon Trotsky (1879-1940), was the co-leader of the 1917 Russian Revolution, socialist opponent of Joseph Stalin, founder of the Fourth International, and strategist of world socialist revolution . The first four years were years of intense labor on the part of Soviet people in carrying out the Third Five-Year Plan. Stalin contained a lot of bad leadership characteristics but I have cut it down to some of the worst in my opinion. Died: 5 March 1953 Kuntsevo Dacha near Moscow, Russia. [735] Throughout his life, he used various nicknames and pseudonyms, including "Koba", "Soselo", and "Ivanov",[736] adopting "Stalin" in 1912; it was based on the Russian word for "steel" and has often been translated as "Man of Steel". [77] Amid the growing violence throughout Georgia he formed further Battle Squads, with the Mensheviks doing the same. [706] In the personality cult constructed around him, he was known as the vozhd, an equivalent to the Italian duce and German fhrer. His gang ambushed the armed convoy in Erivan Square with gunfire and home-made bombs. After having examined the true factors that led to Trotsky not being able to become the sole leader of Soviet Russia since he was the favorite Candidate, this investigation came to the conclusion that Stalin's political skill and ruthlessness was the most important cause of Trotsky's downfall because his weaknesses were only limited to his complacency and party views. [66] There, he co-edited a Georgian Marxist newspaper, Proletariatis Brdzola ("Proletarian Struggle"), with Philip Makharadze. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who cemented the Soviet Union's status as a leading world power. [289] He was supported in this by Bukharin, who, like Stalin, believed that the Left Opposition's proposals would plunge the Soviet Union into instability. [199] Stalin thought it necessary because unlike Lenin he was unconvinced that Europe was on the verge of proletarian revolution. [509] This resulted in the protracted Battle of Stalingrad. [650], On 1 March 1953, Stalin's staff found him semi-conscious on the bedroom floor of his Kuntsevo Dacha. [3] He was born on 18 December[O.S. [459] A week later, Germany invaded Poland, sparking the UK and France to declare war on Germany. [258] Lenin and Stalin argued on the issue of foreign trade; Lenin believed that the Soviet state should have a monopoly on foreign trade, but Stalin supported Grigori Sokolnikov's view that doing so was impractical at that stage. [200] Lenin eventually convinced the other senior Bolsheviks of his viewpoint, resulting in signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918. [941] Nonetheless, some churches have kept religious icons showing Stalin at least since 2008. Firstly, the divisions within the party, made his task of eliminating people less complicated, he only had individuals, not groups of people against him. Stalin came to power in the Soviet Union in 1929. [593], The U.S. began pushing its interests on every continent, acquiring air force bases in Africa and Asia and ensuring pro-U.S. regimes took power across Latin America. [69] Stalin detested many of the Mensheviks in Georgia and aligned himself with the Bolsheviks. [673], Stalin claimed to have embraced Marxism at the age of fifteen,[677] and it served as the guiding philosophy throughout his adult life;[678] according to Kotkin, Stalin held "zealous Marxist convictions",[679] while Montefiore suggested that Marxism held a "quasi-religious" value for Stalin. [30] According to Stalin's biographer Simon Sebag Montefiore, they became "minor Georgian classics"[31] and were included in various anthologies of Georgian poetry over the coming years. [94] He attended the Fifth RSDLP Congress, held at the Brotherhood Church in London in MayJune 1907. [937] In December 2010, unknown persons decapitated it and it was destroyed in a bomb attack in 2011. [52] In November 1901, he was elected to the Tiflis Committee of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), a Marxist party founded in 1898. [939], Yevstafy Zhakov, a pastor of St. Olga Strelna near St. Petersburg, caused an uproar after he hung a portrait of Stalin among sacred images, stating: "I remember him [Stalin] on appropriate occasions, the day of his birthday, his death and that of Victory. [626] Stalin wanted to avoid direct Soviet conflict with the U.S., convincing the Chinese to aid the North. "[884] In both the Soviet Union and elsewhere he came to be portrayed as an "Oriental despot". [347], In 1928, Stalin declared that class war between the proletariat and their enemies would intensify as socialism developed. Answer: No. He also placed a ban on factionalism and branded all opposition as traitorous. [737][738] His mustached face was pock-marked from smallpox during childhood; this was airbrushed from published photographs. [257] Despite this comradeship, Lenin disliked what he referred to as Stalin's "Asiatic" manner and told his sister Maria that Stalin was "not intelligent". Using the idea of collective responsibility as a basis, Stalin's government abolished their autonomous republics and between late 1943 and 1944 deported the majority of their populations to Central Asia and Siberia. [317] Stalin announced that both kulaks and the "middle peasants" must be coerced into releasing their harvest. [437] Such functionaries often carried out a greater number of arrests and executions than their quotas set by Stalin's central government. [145] He was sentenced to four years exile in Turukhansk, a remote part of Siberia from which escape was particularly difficult. This attack proved unsuccessful. A 2012 survey commissioned by the Carnegie Endowment found 38% of Armenians concurring that their country "will always have need of a leader like Stalin. Together, the trio laid down the foundation for the Soviet Union. [467] In June 1940, the Red Army occupied the Baltic states, which were forcibly merged into the Soviet Union in August;[468] they also invaded and annexed Bessarabia and northern Bukovina, parts of Romania. [531], In 1944, the Soviet Union made significant advances across Eastern Europe toward Germany,[532] including Operation Bagration, a massive offensive in the Byelorussian SSR against the German Army Group Centre. This article reassesses Stalin's attempts to construct legitimacy through the development of a 'cult of personality', built through an overt co-option of the charismatic authority generated by Lenin's revolutionary leadership. The third and final part shows how, through an overt co-option of Lenin's legacy, Stalin 'manufactured' a charismatic bond with the Soviet people. About half were then imprisoned in labour camps. 23M views 5 years ago The personalities and spectres of Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin loom large in the events of the twentieth Century. [149] In or about December 1914, their child was born but the infant soon died. [835], Stalin was no womanizer. 270, Stalin commanded soldiers risking capture to fight to the death describing the captured as traitors;[492] among those taken as a prisoner of war by the Germans was Stalin's son Yakov, who died in their custody. They moved the government from Petrograd to Moscow in March 1918. [601] In 1949, celebrations took place to mark Stalin's seventieth birthday (although he was 71 at the time,) at which Stalin attended an event in the Bolshoi Theatre alongside MarxistLeninist leaders from across Europe and Asia. [334] Although he and Stalin had been close for many years,[335] Bukharin expressed concerns about these policies; he regarded them as a return to Lenin's old "war communism" policy and believed that it would fail. [430] He also initiated "national operations", the ethnic cleansing of non-Soviet ethnic groupsamong them Poles, Germans, Latvians, Finns, Greeks, Koreans, and Chinesethrough internal or external exile. [405] At the Communist International's 7th Congress, held in JulyAugust 1935, the Soviet government encouraged Marxist-Leninists to unite with other leftists as part of a popular front against fascism. [173] Bolshevik militia seized Petrograd's electric power station, main post office, state bank, telephone exchange, and several bridges. [312] Many Communists, including in Komsomol, OGPU, and the Red Army, were eager to be rid of the NEP and its market-oriented approach;[313] they had concerns about those who profited from the policy: affluent peasants known as "kulaks" and small business owners or "Nepmen". Lenin was selected as the leader of the country and the party. This purge left his military in bad shape when war came, stripped of many of its most capable officers, but just another day for "The Man of Steel." As a result of his Five-Year Plans, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, creating a centralised command economy. [880] He has also been labelled a "red fascist". [644], From 1946 until his death, Stalin only gave three public speeches, two of which lasted only a few minutes. [100] In August 1907, he attended the Seventh Congress of the Second International an international socialist organisation in Stuttgart, Germany. [765] According to historian Geoffrey Roberts, Stalin wasn't a psychopath. [623] North Korean leader Kim Il-sung visited Stalin in March 1949 and again in March 1950; he wanted to invade the south and although Stalin was initially reluctant to provide support, he eventually agreed by May 1950. [909], In 2011, historian Timothy D. Snyder summarised modern data made after the opening of the Soviet archives in the 1990s and states that Stalin's regime was responsible for 9million deaths, with 6million of these being deliberate killings. We have fallen behind the advanced countries by fifty to a hundred years. Stalin's original Georgian name was Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili (, While forced to give up control of the Secretariat almost immediately after succeeding Stalin as the body's. It comprised the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, the Ukrainian Social Republic, the Belorussian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Republic. [270] To bolster his image as a devoted Leninist, Stalin gave nine lectures at Sverdlov University on the "Foundations of Leninism", later published in book form. [271] During the 13th Party Congress in May 1924, "Lenin's Testament" was read only to the leaders of the provincial delegations. Serving in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922, Stalin assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's death in 1924. [566] In the Baltic states, where there was much opposition to Soviet rule, de-kulakisation and de-clericalisation programs were initiated, resulting in 142,000 deportations between 1945 and 1949. [462] A GermanSoviet Frontier Treaty was signed shortly after, in Stalin's presence. [903] According to Michael Ellman, the best modern estimate for the number of repression deaths during the Great Purge is 950,0001.2million, which includes executions, deaths in detention, or soon after their release. [645] The amount of written material that he produced also declined. Stalin made a decision to use his power over the country to raise production. 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