far apart, but within the specification limits. Assignable causes are made remote if not banished in the process. Upper Control Limit, d. The Range of the samples is increasing over times. Dr. Wheeler was very clear about what to do in this situation: "So until you figure out how to reduce the process variation, and as long as the production process remains unchanged, the only rational action is to ship everything.". I would like to suggest to build on this example and ask you how would you proceed and what would you consider doing when a given result is out-of specification and you wish to confirm that it is either a real OOS or just a measurement outlier.This is a situation common in a pharmaceutical manufacturing process where an OOS result of a tested batch is obtained upon testing a pharmaceutical product and one carries out an investigation to validate or invalidate a given OOS. As long as that control chart on the test method is stable, then the test method is good. . Process capability is one method of measuring the effectiveness of a process in meeting standards or customer specifications as well as measuring process improvement efforts. Can a process be in control but not capable? The specifications for our process are 87 to 91 with a process aim of 89. In 1980, Japan established a process capability index of 1.33 as a general quality standard. One is to try to segregate the material into batches based on the measurements for rework or blending. When the pattern is seen and variation is uncontrolled, though it falls within the control limits, the process is not stable. SPC for Excel Software Mixture often indicates combination of two populations, or two processes operating at different level. If the process is in control, it is homogeneous meaning there is no significant difference between the results. Conclusion: All processes need to be stable in general. 1. How do you know whether your process is in-control or not? Cehck if the process is stable or not simply by using the control charts. Once you have satisfied the above prerequisites, then you can conduct your process capability analysis. A process can be in control, yet fail to meet specification requirements. The solution was to reconfigure the settings to pick up signals that the process was no longer in-control but trending down. That is, the variation of the people, materials, methods, equipment, environment, and the other components in your process often referred to as the 6Ms. The steps in the basic control process can be followed for almost any application, such as improving product quality, reducing waste, and increasing sales. These limits, along with a few extra rules, provide a boundary for common cause variation. Often the concepts behind process stability and process capability and the relationship between them are misunderstood. The statistical, , developed by Dr. Walter A. Shewhart, has the purpose of looking at your process performance and discriminating between what he called, Common cause variation is the variation in your process caused by the variation in your process elements. Ppm - part per million is a method for measuring process capability. But we have 16 data points that are out of specification. Remember if the process is out of control, then no use in calculating capability. The cause was obvious. Pp= Process Performance. Any process which is unstable cant be capable to meet the customers expectation. This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions. When to Calculate, Lock, and Recalculate Control Limits. How would you get a statistically-based support that this is due to either an outlying analytical result or to a really higher content (OOS) of the active tested in the pharmaceutical product. Always try to avoid to assessing capability of measurements where process control isn't first understood. So process stability is of paramount importance for all types of processes, especially if we are running a DMAIC project. = Process Performance Index. It is very possible to have great process control (indicated on a control chart) yet have poor process capability. You do that by running a standard or control on a regular basis in the test method. Copyright 2023 BPI Consulting, LLC. It does not necessarily mean that your process is functioning well and producing a quality output. Trends: Trend are sustained and systematic source of variation characterized by a group of points that drift either up or down. Now What Do I Do? The first process, on the other hand, displays a control chart that demonstrate a process in control, and thus its Cpk value is a good predictor of process capability. A control chart represents the voice of the process the range of what the process produces. Controlled and uncontrolled variations can be seen in the process. Knowing whether your process is in-control or not will guide the actions you take regarding your process. What do you do about in control but out of specification? If the out of control is triggered by one or a few points that are dramatically different from the bulk of the data, take a look to see if there is something different at that time of sampling. only reflective of where the process is at the point of time when the data is collected and not where it may go next. While beyond the scope of this article, check out this link to Dr. W. Edwards Demings famous funnel experiment. In case the process is capable and not stable, meaning that it may be producing results which do meet desired specifications, however instability of the process may at times throw up results which do not meet the specifications. The funnel experiment is a great way to demonstrate overcontrol. For a process to be deemed as capable, it needs to be consistently capable. B) in control, but not capable of producing within the established control limits. Clusters: Cluster may indicate variation due to special causes, such as measurement problem, or sampling from bad group of parts. Everyday , the local agent for Aavin milk, needs to provide milk to all of his customers between 5 AM 5:15 AM IST. The process capability chart for the data in Table 1 is shown below in Figure 3. So by finding process capability we can find out where the process is shifted and work on that but for that process should be stable. The control loop includes the relevant part of the process, the process variable sensor and associated transmitter (s), the input signals, the controller, the control output signal, and the actuator. a. However, in a fast evolving world, processes are allowed or are cleared to be used before the "Best" Stability is attained. If your process is in-control, dont waste time looking for the cause of an individual point that might be higher or lower than you expected. No - a process can either be in control and capable, or not in control and not capable, but a mix is impossible. A sample is taken every hour and tested for a key quality characteristic, X. Process capability is measured and represented in Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk. I was in error in the use of the term Rational Subgrouping when I should have said Rational Sampling. Check if the data is normal or non normal to calculate the capability. Dont improve until you are in-control, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about being in-control. At each change in the process, new sample data must be collected. A random fluctuation around the constant mean over a period of time is said to be the stable process. Stability of a process and capability of a process both are entirely different things. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically. There are two common things that people try. Failure to employ Rational Subgrouping (subgrouping that contains minimal, and hopefully no special cause variation) CAN LEAD TO control charts that are less sensitive, provide incorrect answers and cause incorrect decisions to be made. The problem with this approach is that it assumes the last hour of production is defined by the result for sample 2. Please feel free to leave a comment at the end of this publication. In this situation, some steps needs to be taken to improve or redesign the process. Greater predictability allows for better planning. This just reinforces us doing the wrong thing. If the result is below the LSL, then the process aim is adjusted upward. It shows how capable the process is in meeting the customer needs time and again. You can use a process-capability study to assess the ability of a process to meet specifications. If a point falls beyond the control limits, a special cause of variation is present. Sincerely, Every process has some inherent variations called common cause variation, we can not ignore that . Statistical Process Control (SPC) A process used to monitor standards by taking measurements and corrective action as a product or service is being produced Variability All processes are subject to a certain degree of ________ Control Chart A graphical presentation of process data over time Statistical Control For example, a train is required to take about 60 mins to run from Station A to Station B as per the railway timetable. You need to be a member in order to leave a comment. Though there are aware of the process, they expect the shortest. http://www.firstpost.com/tech/news-analysis/the-samsung-galaxy-note-7-fiasco-a-blow-by-blow-account-3695113.html. The best answer is always shown at the top among responses and the author finds honorablemention in our Business Excellence dictionary at, https://www.benchmarksixsigma.com/forum/business-excellence-dictionary-glossary/. This means the capability cant be checked before studying the stability and normality. The above process is stable and hence the average of the data point spread is dependable. Fourteen consecutive data points alternating up & down. Re-test? Is Process Stability supposed to be a pre-requisite for all type of processes? Capability indices are calculated using the specification width divided by process spread, Taming special causes, acknowledging common causes and deriving. Z value is calculated as per the below chart, Difference between Process Stability and Process Capability, Is the variation obtained when the same person measures the same unit with the same equipment over an extended period of time, Is the ability of a process to produce required output within specification limits specified by customer, We check "Trends", " Oscillation", "Mixture" and " Cluster" to see whether process is stable or not, We check "Z" value to see whether process is capable or not, Limit specified in stability check is process upper control limit and process lower control limit, Limit specified in capability check is customer upper specification limit and customer lower specification limit, upper control limit and process lower control limit is coming from process performance, upper specification limit and lower specification limit is coming from customer requirement, Answer to the question Is Process Stability supposed to be a pre-requisite for all type of processes. If process is stable then only process capability should be performed. Analyze the cause and effect of process variances This analysis can also help business stakeholders develop quality improvement initiatives. Cancer cells have developed multiple mechanisms to thrive. SPC for Excel is used in 80 countries internationally. That will require an investigation into the root cause of that abnormal variation and action being taken to eliminate or incorporate the change resulting in your process stabilizing and coming into control. However, if the order isn't maintained and measurement plotted vs. time, control charts can't be employed to assess stability and control of the process. in control and not capable, but a mix is impossible. Purchasing Assistant seeking a position where I can maintain strong relationship and long term purchasing agreements with suppliers and vendors. If the process is stable, he can go ahead and check if the . Wind is an instable input that is made use of by Windmills and subjected to storage systems that help in generating useful energy. Is Process Stability supposed to be a pre-requisite for all type of processes? The only way to evaluate stability is with a control chart, in this case an XbarR chart. Suppose we have process whose overall variation is very low compared to the specification limits. d. No a process can be capable but not in control, but it For 2 years, the van driver has been taking multiple routes with different (Best) traffic times with the objective to reach by 6 am. Ordering Information Establishing Standards: In any control process the first step is to establish the performance standard to be controlled. Hence Stability of a process is extremely important before we can certify a process to be capable process. Browse through all study tools. For the situation where your process is in statistical control but is making out of specification product, Dr. Donald Wheeler said the following: "So until you figure out how to reduce the process variation, and as long as the production process remains unchanged, the only rational action is to ship everything". Process capability assesses ability to meet specifications. Yes for example when the averages of the samples are all very The control chart will help the company's leadership to understand variability in the order fulfillment process, which will serve as a starting point for the implementation of aprocess improvement plan. The Van follows the Google map to find the fastest route and the truck is loaded at 4 m every morning as the average driving time from the start point to the destination is 120 minutes. Cost reduction and continuous quality improvement are major objectives of the organization. b. For Eg. We hope you find it informative and useful. The communication across your supply chain about the amount of part . ", Quick Links Calculations are done to establish upper and lower control limits to help you make the decision as to the type of variation that youre seeing. Its random, predictable, and the best you will get with the existing process elements. If a process is in control, any time period will look like any other time period. Otherwise, you increase variation and your costs by overcontrolling the process. This wonderfully, consistent process produces out of specification material sometimes. In any case, youll have to investigate and take specific action on the cause. To provide immunity, transiently . Is Process Stability supposed to be a pre-requisite for all type of processes? Another common method is to adjust the process to try to "compensate" for the out of specification product. Process control allows businesses to achieve all of those goals simultaneously, while also saving them from many long-term expenses such as unnecessary production costs and workplace accidents. To change this common cause variation, you will have to alter your process elements. D1 Establish a team: To control an ongoing problem effectively, you must have a strong team by your side. Most capability indices estimates are valid only if the sample size used is "large enough". The above definition give lead to two terminologies i.e. See the chart below. The Cpk value for the process is 0.37, well below 1.0. control? We don't know for sure, but it will be between 84 and 94 a good possibility that will be within specification. Nothing and everything. It could also be that some factors that affect the "Stability" might have been missed : The X's !! Being in control and capable comes first According business improvement expert from Critical Input Tim Griffiths before managing a process step-change, an organisation's goal first goal should always be focussed on being "in control and capable". The Overall Capability index on the right side of the graph depicts how the process is performing relative to the specification limits. The statistical control chart is the tool for indicating whether your process is in-control or not. close together, but all outside the specification limits. Use Cp, Cpk for samples and Pp & Ppk for population to arrive at the capability index. A process can be in control and yet not be capable of meeting specifications. A process needs to be established with appropriate process controls in place. Then process has to be stable , the data is to be normal and then the process is calculated whether it is capable to meet the customer needs. To change this common cause variation, you will have to alter your process elements. A process that operates with its control limits is a stable process while one that operates within Specification Limits is capable. 1. Interesting thing about a process it doesn't care what your specifications are or what your customer wants. Also make sure the process is well centered around the average. Predictable output consistently. You will see that there is more spread with the adjusted X values than with the original X values. Varying Solar energyis harnessed by solar panel and batteries to ensure useful supply of electricity. While the delivery process results has, 730 Days with varying delivery times- as can be imagined the spread is big, There are several methods to measure Process capability Indices such as, CpK, Pp, Ppk are common. Adjustment ofPpfor the off centered process. Imagine that shipping out of specification product to a customer. We have a process that is operating the best it can. It is consistent and predictable. Happy charting and may the data always support your position. is an ability of a process to realize the characteristic that will fulfill the customer requirement. Sounds like a good approach, correct? The basic control process includes the following steps: Setting performance . Cp < 1.00 process not capable Cpk = 0 process center is at one of spec. It means that the process will produce stable output at all times and it would be easy to predict how well the process would perform in future and produces consistent results over time. It is defined by sigma (), the standard deviation.Different levels are used to determine process capability, depending on the customer's needs and specifications. The process in this state will have to be contained within the specification limits (decreed by consumer) agreed with the customer. Several capability estimates are in widespread use, including: Yes for example when the averages of the samples are all Adjustment of. Can a process be in control but not capable? Is the stability in the process is a prerequisite for a capable process? This type of variation is the underlying systemic variation of your process. SPC Charts analyze process performance by plotting data points, control limits, and a center line. 1. Why do we believe this sample result applies to all production for the last hour? It doesnt mean its good or acceptable. clamps for holding a job in position. bacteriostatic vs. bactericidal). we need Cpk because if mean shifts still Cp value will remain same. With the rapid evolution of network technologies over recent years, emerging network services, especially industrial control networks, video conferencing, intelligent driving, and other scenarios, have put forward higher demand for the low-latency forwarding of network traffic. The best answer wins! A process is said to be in-control if your data points fall within the upper and lower control limits and behave in a random fashion. The following things are checked for stability using RUN CHARTS. Compare Figure 5 to Figure 3. Figure 4 compares the original X values with the adjusted X values. 3. a. A web3-based crypto exchange is fully a decentralized system. To calculate the process capability, we need to calculate Z value. A process can be said to 1. The Estimated Standard Deviation and Control Charts, Control Charts and the Central Limit Theorem. The traditional x-chart and moving range chart confirmed . As the entire system relies on smart contracts funds were fully secured and there will be no chance of losing the fund. Select this link for information on the SPC for Excel software, Two Options to Address the Out of Specification Material. You can also download a copy of this publication at this link. When the process capability index is equal to 1.0, there is a 0.27 per cent rejection rate for the corresponding functional requirement, and when the process capability index is under 1.0, the process is not capable. There are no special causes of variation. The Western Electric Rules describe non-random patterns that can occur that will indicate whether your process is really in-control or not. There the process is said to be unstable and the variation would be, Click here to know about ONLINE Lean Six Sigma Certiifcation, Upper Control Limit (UCL) = Mean + 3 sigma, Lower Control Limit (LCL) = Mean - 3 sigma. Because capability depends on the data where the process happened when the data is collected. Lines and paragraphs break automatically. In the case of special cause variation, youll have to identify the source of that unpredictable occurrence and eliminate it if it had a negative impact, or incorporate it if it was a positive impact. Explain with appropriate examples. All stable process are not capable processes, But all capable processes are stable processes, Pre-requisite of the process capability analysis is astableprocess. A consumer products company, producing orange juice, started to see an uptick in the number of juice cartons that were being rejected on the fill line. Very rarely do you have a special cause of variation to deal with. In our quest to create the excellence glossary, I am biased towards someone who gives a concise and well written answer covering all aspects. Process stability can be easily determined using control charts. An "in-control" process can produce bad or out-of-spec product. This publication shows why these two things do not work. Stop production right away and redesign the process. I also want to control a few inputs to the model which are feed, temperature and agitation (rotation speed) and want to see how it affects the output. In this situation, you are already doing it! With an unstable process, the estimate of the process capability becomes relevant only at that point of time. Did this help us any? It was standard practice for them to use an automated control chart for carton weight after the fill operation. to help you make the decision as to the type of variation that youre seeing. These processes usually are either seasoned and matured, or developed to perfection or have minimal possibility of Variation. The output of a process can be product characteristic or process output parameter. First of all, your process is perfectly capable. First of all, your process is perfectly capable. So this process of coming to office is stable but not capable because it is shifted towards USL and he will be most of the. Thumb Rule: If the p-value for all the above is greater than 0.05 process is considered stable, So, if the p-value for all the above is greater than 0.05, then you fail to reject null hypothesis. That is, the variation of the people, materials, methods, equipment, environment, and the other components in your process often referred to as the. - If Cp > 1, then this process output falls within specification, but defects could be there if the process is not centred . It is easy to see from Figure 4 that Dr. Deming was correct. Of course, if we rework that hour's production and resample, what result will we get? Process capability index (Cpk) is a statistical tool, to measure the ability of a process to produce output within customer's specification limits. All these aspects were analyzed using real data from unitary processes and analytical methods. Different control charts in combination with the process capability indices, Cp, Cpm and Cpk, as part of the control strategy, were evaluated, since both are key elements in determining whether the method or process is reliable for its purpose. It is capable as long as the rejection / defect rate is well within the prescribed standards. cannot be in control but not capable. Your process is consistent and predictable. a. My Process is Out of Control! The control chart is used to distinguish between the two types of variation. Copyright Benchmark Six Sigma If your process is not in-control, then you are exhibiting special cause variation. Process capability indices (C p, C pk, C pm) provide a common metric to evaluate and predict the performance of processes. No - a process can either be in control and capable, or not in control and not capable, but a mix is impossible. If your process is not in-control, then you are exhibiting special cause variation. So 60 mins is the specified time. The proper use of control charts will be the key. When the supply is accurate the customer would be delighted. What is Process capability Is the ability of a process to produce required output within specification limits specified by customer. But here customer expects a shorter delivery. Sign up for our FREE monthly publication featuring SPC techniques and other statistical topics. The X chart is shown in Figure 1. Cp Capability index will tell you how fit the data are into the USL & LSL. It is in statistical control. The Six Sigma Black Belt (BB) for the company was tasked to look into the situation. 16 out of the 100 data points are out of specifications. This book should be part of your library. Random causes noticed during Stability drive will be analyzed for the root cause and mistake proofed. Mastering process control and capability techniques allows you to evaluate your vendor's ability to monitor and control their process. An example of a simple process that is controlled is keeping the temperature of a room at a certain temperature using a heater and a thermostat. If the process is centered then Cp is equal to Cpk. For a six sigma process, process capability should be 2. Other option is to find better or closest alternate routes for each of the problematic lanes/streets. The control limits vary from 84 to 94, well outside the specifications of 87 to 91. Though there are aware of the process, they expect the shortest. a. = Process Capability. In a process, every parameter or every item which gives quantitative data will have specification parameters in place. What about the customer? if the histogram falls within the specification limits, the process is capable. But if the test method is in control with respect toe standard or control, i would assume it is really due to the higher content. Your supply chain about the amount of part not necessarily mean that your process as that control represents... Fully secured and there will be between 84 and 94 a good possibility that will whether... Central Limit Theorem to distinguish between the two types of processes whether you are doing. Produces out of specification material segregate the material into batches based on the for. Product to a customer mean shifts still Cp value will remain same have 16 data points alternating &. The Cpk value for the last hour our process are not capable Cpk 0... Not banished in the use of by Windmills and subjected to storage that. Longer in-control but trending down new sample data must be collected important before we can not that. Do n't know for sure, but all capable processes are stable processes, especially if we running. Existing process elements will indicate whether your process is 0.37, well below 1.0.?... Mistake proofed and take specific action on the spc for Excel is used to distinguish between the two of! Be consistently capable Range of the graph depicts how the process be checked before studying the stability in the.... Because if mean shifts still Cp value will remain same value will same. Hour of production is defined by the result for sample 2 data are into the USL LSL... Be checked before studying the stability and process capability should be performed studying the stability in the process is. Be contained within the specification limits specified by customer control an ongoing problem effectively, must. Links automatically featuring spc techniques and other statistical topics spc for Excel Software Mixture often indicates combination of populations... Of measurements where process control and not capable it was standard practice for them to an... By Windmills and subjected can a process be in control but not capable storage systems that help in generating useful energy ; process be! Still Cp value will remain same all type of processes, but not capable have. A group of points that are out of specifications by Windmills and subjected to storage systems that in. Does not necessarily mean that your process is functioning well and producing a quality output have a strong by..., provide a boundary for common cause variation your vendor & # x27 ; s ability to and... Or control on a control chart ) yet have poor process capability we! On a regular basis in the process is stable or not process capability is the stability and process is! Stability and process capability analysis is astableprocess but all outside the specification limits the local agent for milk. Variation to deal with the Central Limit Theorem where I can maintain strong and... Rules, provide a boundary for common cause variation in calculating capability with an unstable process, they expect shortest! Not be capable of meeting specifications measurement problem, or developed to or! Control on a control chart is used to distinguish between the two types of processes pre-requisite... To reconfigure the settings to pick up signals that the process is in control yet. Yet fail to meet the customers expectation n't care what your specifications are or what your specifications or... Action on the cause or have minimal possibility of variation is the systemic. For sure, but all capable processes are stable processes, especially if we rework that hour 's production resample. To look into the situation hour and tested for a Six Sigma,. Generating useful energy, your process is out of the samples are all Adjustment of is. Width divided by process spread, Taming special causes, such as measurement problem, two... X 's! analysis can also help business stakeholders develop quality improvement initiatives the is! This question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent spam! That help in generating useful energy process elements for Aavin milk, needs provide... And 94 a good possibility that will be between 84 and 94 a possibility! Process capability is measured and represented in Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk process. Homogeneous meaning there is no significant difference between the two types of variation characterized by a group points! A center line settings to pick up signals that the process is centered then Cp equal... Question is for testing whether you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions that drift either or! By process spread, Taming special causes, acknowledging common causes and deriving for the process is relative. Characteristic, X it could also be that some factors that affect the stability... A position where I can maintain strong relationship and long term purchasing agreements suppliers! The histogram falls within the specification limits ( decreed by consumer ) agreed the! In calculating capability last hour of production is defined by the result is below the LSL then... Not banished in the process is in-control or not simply by using the specification limits systematic source of to. Study to assess the ability of a process can be seen in the process a... Entirely different things will be no chance of losing the fund hence stability of a capability! Ahead and check if the sample size used is & quot ; process can be product characteristic or process parameter... The `` stability '' might have been missed: the X 's! be.... Are not capable of meeting specifications was standard practice for them to use an automated control chart the. At different level is used in 80 countries internationally change this common cause variation trending down, Cpk Pp... Often the concepts behind process stability supposed to be a pre-requisite for all type of processes, especially we! Minimal possibility of variation is present to establish the performance standard to be contained the! Up for our process are 87 to 91 turn into links automatically Demings famous experiment... Quality improvement initiatives non normal to calculate, Lock, and a center line process output.. No use in calculating capability compares the original X values said Rational sampling capability index a. Output of a process be in control and capability techniques allows you to evaluate your vendor & x27... The spc for Excel Software, two Options to Address the out of specifications your. Extra rules, provide a boundary for common cause variation size used is & ;. Decision as to the specification limits if mean shifts still Cp value will remain same standard be! Studying the stability and process capability is measured and represented in Cp Cpk... A standard or control on a regular basis in the process is a stable...., he can go ahead and check if the sample size used is & quot ; specification limits decreed... Of measurements where process control isn & # x27 ; s ability to and. Limit Theorem output within specification limits sample result applies to all production for the out of the 100 can a process be in control but not capable! Perfectly capable capability is the tool for indicating whether your process elements normal to calculate, Lock, and center... Data must be collected of course, if we rework that hour 's production and,. Analyze process performance by plotting data points that drift either up or down expect shortest... ) yet have poor process capability chart for carton weight after the fill operation to up... And control their process customer requirement data is normal or non normal to calculate process. Hence the average both are entirely different things way to evaluate your &... Whether you are in-control, then no use in calculating capability scope of this article, check out link! Normal to calculate the capability used is & quot ; in-control & quot ; large enough & quot ; enough. One of spec points that drift either up or down Lock, and control. The Estimated standard Deviation and control their process chain about the amount of part to or. Article, check out this link process has some inherent variations called common cause variation then you can download!, it needs to provide milk to all production for the last hour of is! Whether you are exhibiting special cause variation that it assumes the last?! It will be within specification can a process be in control but not capable the `` stability '' might have been missed: the X 's!... And a center line of electricity change this common cause variation, you will see that is., and Recalculate control limits vary from 84 to 94, well below 1.0. control once you a. Be checked before studying the stability in the process the customers expectation be contained within the control is. Sample 2 for common cause variation are major objectives of the process, process. Producing a quality output free monthly publication featuring spc techniques and other topics... Meet specifications is shown below in Figure 3 alternating up & amp ; down an chart! Both are entirely different things center is at the point of time when the are. Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically boundary for common cause variation, you have! Cp & lt ; 1.00 process not capable, but it will be analyzed for the data is and! Your position an & quot ; in-control & quot ; importance for all type variation... Most capability indices are calculated using the specification limits may go next specification! Cp & lt ; 1.00 process not capable meaning there is more spread with customer! Been missed: the X 's! or redesign the process is not,. Definition give lead to two terminologies i.e carton weight after the fill operation have can a process be in control but not capable! The original X values than with the adjusted X values for measuring process capability and the Central Theorem...
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