[4], Union forces retreated through the streets of Winchester and north on the Valley Pike to Martinsburg. The forces of Stephen's queen, also named Matilda (Matilda of Boulogne), soon occupied London.
At earliest light the Confederate skirmish line advanced in force driving the Union pickets back to their main line of battle.
When she heard of the bishop's incursion Empress Matilda determined to strike back. Taylor marched under fire to a position overlapping the Union right and then attacked Bower's Hill. However, the civil war known as The Anarchy dragged on with neither side gaining an advantage. Brida entered Winchester in disguise and noticed that the King, his nobles, and the populace were distracted by the fighting spectacle, so she headed back to the Danish army in the woods.
He ordered a hasty retreat down the Valley Pike from Strasburg. Gordon's brigade was placed on the Union right on Bower's Hill with its left flank at the Valley Pike, supported by a battery of artillery.
[10], Queen Matilda offered to exchange Robert of Gloucester for her husband Stephen, but Empress Matilda refused to give up her royal prisoner. The advance guard avoided the trap and delivered Empress Matilda safely to Gloucester, but the queen's army destroyed the Angevin main body as an effective fighting force; only remnants managed to escape. Until too late Stephen refused to believe that his enemies would make a move in winter.
Wolvesey was a tough nut to crack. In January 1153, the empress' son Henry landed in England and began seeking combat with Stephen. The main body guarded the baggage while Robert commanded the rearguard. Jackson enveloped the right flank of the Union Army under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks and pursued it as it fled across the Potomac River into Maryland. At this point Stephen committed an astonishing blunder by giving Empress Matilda a safe-conduct pass to Bristol and withdrawing his army.
With her best leader gone, Empress Matilda retired to Anjou and there was a lull in the fighting.
[6], In conjunction with Ewell's advance on the Front Royal Pike, Jackson advanced on the Valley Pike at early dawn in a heavy fog. Confederate forces regrouped and brought up artillery. Ewell advanced the regiments of Trimble's brigade, sending regiments to either side of the high ground to enfilade the Union position. [8], While the Angevin host placed Wolvesey Castle under siege, Empress Matilda set up her headquarters in the royal castle and Robert of Gloucester established his command post near Winchester Cathedral (then Saint Swithun's). With three enemy brigades in its front and three coming at its right flank, Gordon's Union brigade gave way and Union soldiers began streaming back into town. This site uses cookies to deliver our services, improve performance, for analytics, and (if not signed in) for advertising. Behind the empress' back, the two wives determined to exchange their two husbands, and both Stephen and Robert were released. Jackson enveloped the right flank of the Union Army under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks and pursued it as it fled across the Potomac River into Maryland. Ewell then attempted a flanking movement to the right beyond the Millwood Road, but in response to orders from Banks, Donnelly withdrew through the town. A second marriage to 18 year old Adeliza of Louvain would produce no children, leaving the widowed Empress Matilda as his only legitimate surviving child. While the queen's army was well-provisioned, the Angevin forces soon began to suffer from lack of food. Stephen hired a body of Flemish mercenaries under William of Ypres, antagonizing his English subjects. https://historica.fandom.com/wiki/Siege_of_Winchester_(878)?oldid=190357. It seemed as if peace had been restored to the land, although the West Saxon ealdorman Uhtred of Bebbanburg violated the peace by leading an unauthorized raid on Cornwall, and was sentenced to fight his co-conspirator Leofric to the death by King Alfred the Great at a Witenagemot session on 6 January 878. A Scottish army under King David I invaded the north but was defeated at the Battle of the Standard in August 1138. O.R. The system of justice established under Henry I went to pieces and the common people suffered under the harsh demands of local noblemen and officials. Gen. John P. Hatch, and 16 guns. She signalled the Danes to advance, and they charged through the open city gates on horseback.
Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=First_Battle_of_Winchester&oldid=971654869, Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Confederate victories of the American Civil War, Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia, Frederick County in the American Civil War, Articles with dead external links from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 August 2020, at 12:50. The Siege of Winchester occurred on 7 January 878 during the Viking invasions of England.
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