Sometimes, the color of a dogs gums and tongue can be a telltale sign of a dehydrated dog as well. Additionally, white tongues can indicate a fungal infection, such as oral thrush or the flu. Thank you for your question. Another cause could be a bacterial infection in the mouth or the blood stream which will present itself with characteristic blue discoloration on the surface tissues, including inside the mouth where our four-legged friends keep their tongues! This can depend on things like genetics or even nutrition. 2023 Wag Labs, Inc. All rights reserved. This post contains affiliate links. Endorphins are neurotransmitters that make dogs feel calmer and more relaxed. All rights reserved, Why is My Dogs Tongue White? Points, in terms of dog coloring, refer . Its perfectly normal for a cats tongue to be pink! However, if the tongue gets discolored by licking or chewing other objects, a checkup is essential. When we think about a dogs tongue, the image of a bright-eyed, happy dog with a pink tongue hanging from its mouth comes up. If you notice your pup panting excessively on a warm or hot day, get them into a cooler location and give them plenty of water to avoid possible heatstroke. They appear as a yellow-white center with a red halo. If you notice an extreme difference in color - from light pink to deep purple - it would be best to consult with your vet as soon as possible just as precautionary measure. Popular Cats On The Internet Are Treated On Par With Celebrities. 2023 Joy Pet Products. Dog saliva does contain antibacterial components and its very unlikely that saliva by itself would be a direct cause of infection. When your dog is anemic, his body produces low levels of blood cells or hemoglobin. Get practical pet health tips, articles, and insights from our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox. The pigments inside the body determine whether your cat's tongue will be dark or light pinkish-gray in color - this tends to vary depending on breed or individual animal - while red blood vessels come into play when there are deeper shades of pink that appear. They can be white in color and sometimes have a cauliflower shape. Symptoms of Glossitis in Dogs If the inflammation is chronic, then owners may notice their dog producing dark discharge along with small amounts of blood. The cause of your pups white tongue may vary depending on their breed and overall health condition so its important to have them checked out by a vet as soon as possible if this condition persists. Your tongue can turn white when the tiny bumps (papillae) that line it swell up and become inflamed. They circulate in the blood for three months. So if you recently noticed that your dog's tongue is white, you're likely wondering what could be causing this change. Fissures may allow the accumulation of bacteria and foreign bodies to proliferate. These dogs may have difficulty eating and usually make a gigantic mess at the water bowl. If a dog has a yellow tongue, thats is often a sign of liver or gallbladder problems (just like when humans turn yellow commonly known as jaundice). They only have around 1,700 taste buds, which is about one-sixth of what humans have (approximately 10,000!). However, there is an old adage which says prevention is always better than cure. Your pup is probably just one cool cat who boasts an even cooler smile ;). The coating, color or the texture can show a problem in another part of the body. by . How Should a Dogs Tongue Ideally Look Like? Melanoma is a form of cancer. In the off-chance it is cancer, the prognosis is better when caught early. WAYNE, Pa. -- Hillary White Jean is a former celebrity hairstylist who is bringing the best of Rodeo Drive and Fifth Avenue to the Main Line. Answer by James D. If you think your dog is dehydrated, go to the vet immediately! Cats spend much of their waking time grooming themselves. An example is a hemangiosarcoma, a tumor that is usually found in the heart and liver. The main characteristic associated with glossitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the whas 840 radio listen live. White Markings often 'show' a Breeding Fault. Oral problems can be a contributing factor to a discolored tongue. SHARE. Uremia causes a discolored and ulcerated tongue. While dogs have more taste buds than cats, they have far fewer than humans. I've smoked very occasionally - usually it's a cigar 1-2 times a year. An excessively white tongue in a dog could indicate anemia. The answer is in how dogs curl their tongues when they drink. Show Less. The type of treatment and degree of invasiveness will depend on the cause of internal bleeding. In case of surgery, the site needs to be kept clean and monitored for any infection or swelling. If they last longer, see a dentist. According to PetMD, two breeds of Chinese origin have blue or blue-black tongues. This is because panting is how dogs cool down. If there is an infection or injury to the lungs or heart, the tongue is the first location where signs of these situations will happen. White Pale Tongue May Indicate Shock One issue that can happen is septic shock, which could be the result of a chronic or acute bacterial infection. Normally, salty taste is separated along theside edges and rear side of the tongue; sweet taste from the sides and the beginning section of the tongue while the sensation of sour is spread rather evenly over the top of the tongue. Mother dogs lick their pups to clean and stimulate them as soon as they are born. There is typically an underlying health issue that brings about anemia. So, rather than letting your dog tend to your wounds, stick to more traditional care, such as washing with soap and water and talking to your physician about any possible infection. In addition, the tongue surface itself harbors countless tiny salivary glands secreting both serious and mucoid fluid. Using a very sharp F pencil, shade the tongue from the top right with soft, graduated strokes. A . Taking a dogs temperature by mouth is unreliable and, depending on the dog, not always easy or safe. A blue tongue discoloration can be monitored for heart disease with the following symptoms: A dog usually collapses during a heart attack. The main characteristic associated with glossitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the tongue. Sometimes in a rare condition, some puppies may be born with a condition called macroglossia wherein they have very large tongues. Most wildcats hunt alone, but many smaller species of wildcats, including our domesticated feline friends, are small enough that they can also become prey for larger animals. White or Pale Tongue Dehydration is the usual cause of a pale or white tongue. Dogs tongue has 1,706 taste buds while humans have 9,000 taste buds. The vet may also recommend a full dental cleanup. One final visual distinction worth noting is if the muzzle area around your pups mouth turns from either pink or red when they pant or lick themselvesthis could indicate an overproduction of saliva due to poor hydration or frequent bouts with high anxiety/stress levels! Your fluffers tongue provides a wealth of information about her health status. The Cold, Slimy Truth. Cats have firm, rear-facing barbs on their tongues, called filiform papillae. I hope that all goes well for her! We normally see dogs licking their wounds. The enthusiastic licks by the pet seem disturbing for a few dog owners and particularly non-dog owners. Instead of sweating, dogs rely on panting to keep cool. In general, tongue, lip and mouth wounds in dogs tend to heal well due to the environment of the oral cavity. May 29, 2022 in michael long obituary. Thai Ridgeback. Here are some discolorations in the tongue to watch out for: During your home check-up routines, including the mouth and tongue. Symptoms of ulceration include dark stools, vomiting (sometimes with blood), diarrhea, abdominal pain, poor appetite, and a color difference in your dogs tongue. Pale to white tongues is a symptom that should not be ignored as it could point to a severe health condition. Some quotes are inspiring; a few quotes represent their unconditional. Whether its getting every last morsel of food from their bowl, panting after a game of fetch, or showering you with affection, a dogs tongue plays an important role in how they interact with their environment. The tongue is one of the primary sensory organs and consists of a complex network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Depending on the cause, treatment could be as simple as a prescription for antibiotics, or as serious as surgery for a tumor or growth. White tongue caused by a buildup of debris in the mouth is treated by regularly practicing good oral hygiene. For example, the causes of anemia can range from blood loss due to trauma, infections, and tumors to auto-immune diseases. By the way, dont be too anxious about the pathogens you may get when your pet licks you, they are not worse than those we get from kissing one another. Ensure it is warm. It contains a protein called hemoglobin that carries oxygen. If your dogs tongue is always hanging out or unable to retract, it is important to get your dog seen by your vet. It all comes down to the color pigment found in your furry little friend. Some heart conditions could be congenital abnormalities, while others could be infectious or degenerative. The dog's breath also turns foul. However, with medication and lifestyle changes, these dogs can still enjoy a decent quality of life. Tilo the Rhodesian Ridgeback / Boxer mix with a black tongue. Dog warts are probably the most common cause of a bump on the lips of your dog. When there is white on the tongue, it is typically covered by a coating that can extend over the entire surface or appear as patches in certain areas. This type of infection requires immediate medical attention as untreated cases can lead to serious health problems down the line. Hypoxic shock is another type that may be caused due to severe lung disease or carbon monoxide toxicity. This physically unable condition is called hanging tongue syndrome. Without being able to see her, it is difficult for me to say whether the tongue is causing a problem or not. Mouth sores, Swollen lips, White patches inside mouth. However, if your pet refuses to eat for an extended period of time, tube feeding may be the suggested. It mainly represents the Stomach's health and more generally how the health of the Yang organs. Possible Causes, 4. The dogs lungs and heart work in unison to pump oxygen-rich blood to all parts of its body. Aside from that, you might also notice that your dog pants excessively. Glossitis is not necessarily a disease but rather an important clinical sign that may be a reaction to a specific disease or it may be associated with secondary mouth infection and ulcerations. Sore tongue, Soreness or burning inside of mouth, Spots on throat, White patches inside mouth. Warm to touch, White patches inside mouth. The reasons for a low red blood cell count could be many. Here are some of the most common reasons that your dog may have a white tongue and why it's such an important warning sign. Some people might notice redness, bad breath, or a bad taste in the mouth. Its not a myth, there is actually a scientific reason why your pups tongue may be purple! If your dog bites their tongue, cuts it on a sharp toy or otherwise does it an injury Why is the Dogs Tongue White? Studies have shown that licking releases endorphins in a dogs brain. whas 840 radio listen live. Not enough oxygen is being circulated throughout the body as demonstrated by the color of the tissues in the tongue extremity. Blue-tongue disease may also result from issues within the skin itself such as deficiencies in certain vitamins or minerals, allergic reactions, skin infections and even lupus - an immune disorder which affects mostly older dogs but younger pets may suffer from it too! Tourist Killed In Jamaica 2020, Finally theres also the possibility that your pup just loves licking! In some cases, it is because of health changes and your dog Why Is My Dog's Tongue White? Its hard to imagine living without the companionship of dogs, but 5-10% of the population cant due to allergies. Learn how to improve your health and lifestyle by using Lets Healthify the incredible and informative health website. Puncture wounds in your dogs mouth from foreign objects can cause abscesses and infections that can become life-threatening. Teeth do not fit like they used to, White patches on tongue. Search by Category. And no, the lines aren't symmetrical. In most cases, if a dog has a white tongue, it shows that the number of red blood cells has reduced in the dog. Gums that appear paler than normal may indicate that they're not getting enough blood supply. Heather Abraham is an owner of two dogs, one cat, a leopard gecko, and a parrot (who her dad still cannot teach bad words to), and an avid blogger. If you have a dog breed that should have a pink tongue, take him to a vet if it is black. Keep an eye out for this particular change in hues it doesn't always mean something bad is going on; sometimes it's just your pet's way of giving you plenty of signs about how much he loves you! When the dog is discharged, recovery will involve frequent checking of vital organs and functions, oxygen levels, and other vital signs. The condition can lead to tooth loss. 43 Safe People Food, 10 Cutest Small Dog Breeds The Most Lovable Apartment Dogs, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection In Dogs, Noise Anxiety In Dogs Types & Treatments, Muscle Atrophy In Dogs Causes, Prevention, & Treatments. Facts About Dogs Tongue Color And Signs Of Illness, 10 Most Famous Celebrity Cats Of The Internet, 100 Awesome Pet Quotes For The National Pet Day, Sad Dog Songs With Lyrics Thatll Make You Cry And Mourn Your Beloved Pet. Thank you for your question. Other conditions causing abscesses and nose problems in dogs: Aspergillosis: Fungal infection that comes through the nose. These warts may look weird or dangerous, but they typically do not pose serious health concerns. The dark plum, indicates that the dog is in stress. Babesia are protozoans (single-celled organisms with a nucleus) that are transmitted by ticks, and are most commonly found in the southern United States. The person that has this type of tongue may not know that they are showing signs of internal problems. If you have any wounds on your mouth or face, then you should be doubly careful. The appearance of a white coating is caused by debris, bacteria and dead cells getting lodged between the enlarged and sometimes inflamed papillae. For example, one of the most common shock types canines suffer from is hypovolemic, which occurs due to low blood volume in circulation. Tooth extractions and cleaning will be done should the tongue be swelling due to periodontal disease. The treatment for anemic dogs depends on the underlying condition. In general, a pale tongue is a warning sign of underlying health conditions affecting your fur baby, and you may need to run some diagnostic tests to figure out the precise cause. So, if your tongue is feeling less than in the pink it might be a good idea to . 8 Surprising Reasons Why! You probably dont think twice about your dogs tongue, but do you know? Its because a dogstongueis rough and uneven which helps to remove contaminants from an open wound. In the meantime, try to keep the pet comfortable. While some dogs have black tongues, other breeds - like chows and Akitas - may have purple or blue-black tongues. White spots on your dogs tongue may also be caused by burns, ulcers, or sores. But the ancients werent entirely wrongthere are proteins in saliva (human and canine) called histatins that inhibit infection. For example, mothers use their tongues to lick their pups and encourage them to breathe and drink milk. Other seizures may be less easily identified, so the general rule of thumb is, if you think anything is "off," see your vet. These barbs act like a comb for the fur when cats groom themselves. Most of the bacteria in your dogs mouth cannot cause you to get sick (you wont catch the common cold from kissing your dog), but there are some exceptions, so stay safe and let your pooch give you a kiss on the cheek instead! It might mean a problem with the nerves in your tongue. The discoloration of a tongue can occur from foreign bodies such as chewable toys having artificial colors. These glands produce the copious amount of moisture in the mouth, secreting a watery-thin (serious) saliva and thick (mucoid) saliva. Its filled with a complex network of arteries, veins, and capillaries. This is sometimes caused by a lack of minerals and vitamins such as B12, folic acid and copper. These are referred to as fissures. This makes it important for them to keep themselves meticulously groomed, minimizing their odor for predators. Young dogs are more susceptible to the papilloma virus . But they cant differentiate between. You should treat shock as an emergency situation. 3. Your tongue is painful or it feels like its burning. You have open sores in your mouth. You have trouble chewing, swallowing, or talking. You have other symptoms, like a fever, weight loss, or skin rash. Its not always possible to prevent white tongue. Ralph Riach Illness, There are a few possible explanations for this. Pale gums could signal numerous problems including dehydration or anemia; consult your veterinarian if this symptom persists in your pet for further insight into your dogs health condition and proper treatment options available to them.. White gums usually indicate anemia and should also receive medical attention right away so that appropriate diagnosis may occur to determine the source of the problem along with any other significant medical issues that might need addressing simultaneously. The stiff papillae of the tongue are great at untangling cat fur and removing loose hair from the coat. Gum contains xylitol, which is toxic to dogs in even small amounts. Shiba Inu. However, if your dog pants for no apparent reason, the painting may indicate a health problem. In order to reduce further inflammation, your dog may be given NSAIDs and opiates. But you have to worry if your dogs tongue is permanently stretched out or if they cannot withdraw their tongue into their mouth. The Dogs Tongue Could be Infected or Injured, 5. It is mainly a disinfecting action to improve the healing of an external wound. Many times when two dogs that carry the . Ulcers can also result from other health conditions like hypothyroidism, auto-immune disorders, and cancers. If your dog licks you or themself excessively, especially in times of stress, talk to your veterinarian about possible anxiety issues in your pooch. All these pointers can help you determine whether your pup's tongues health is good compared to bad so always keep them in mind the next time you check up on them! Some genetic conditions that might cause scalloped tongue include: Down syndrome. Dogs keep cool by panting and by drooling from their tongues. Quotes are one of the brief ways to express your affection toward pets. Studies show that there is an 85% chance of cancer being the cause. Check Out. While waiting for the vet or during transportation, do not offer the dog anything to drink or eat. dog tongue licking. Cats need these little bumps on their tongues for a few reasons: first, they help them groom efficiently, helping cats remove dirt and parasites from their fur. Guard Dogs Are Very Watchful, Strong, And Fearless. A dog may also have bubbles or foam at the mouth, because he's overheating. Therefore, any color changes could be a sign of the underlying health condition they could be dealing with. Every dog has four pairs of salivary glands with tiny ducts transporting the saliva into the mouth. Multiple studies have revealed that for dogs, theyre usually not harmful but for humans only if you have a robust immune system, you may be out of danger. Uncontrollable verbal outbursts, White patches on tongue. How to Draw a Dog's Tongue: Step by Step Lesson. The dog from retracting their tongue or fully closing their mouth. You also find a cartilaginous bony structure just under the tip of the dogs tongue called a lyssa running from front to back along the midline. There are some breeds like the Chow Chow and ChineseShar-Pei which have blue-black tongues naturally or flat. If you or a friend seem to have an allergy to dogs, it may be worth talking to your dermatologist about whether that allergy is caused by a dogs dander or saliva. Facebook. As mentioned above, when sufficient blood is not being circulated, the body focuses on preserving the vital organs. Dogs are typically supposed to have pink and moist tongues. Malignant Melanoma. If the gums and tongue are pale, it can be a sign that your dog needs some much-needed water. Learn More: What is a white horse in darts? Your dog may only have one single lump, or they could have multiple. So if you are worrying abut it, just relax. Tongue discoloration is an indication of illness that can arise with itself or other oral conditions. The dog will get ulcerations on the outside of his nose. Occasional, short-lived episodes of air-licking are not a cause for alarm, but you should watch for increases in the time spent and/or frequency of licking. Email. Dogs can be afflicted with several types of tumors, including in the mouth. Should the glossitis be related to periodontal disease, your vet may further prescribe a course of antibiotics aimed at treating bacterial infections. Discover short videos related to white lines on tongue on TikTok. Lacerations can occur from bones, wood or rocks that your dog finds,. Genetics or even nutrition for anemic dogs depends on the underlying health that! Of bacteria and foreign bodies such as oral thrush or the texture show! My dog 's tongue is causing a problem or not the body as demonstrated by the color found. It 's a cigar 1-2 times a year regularly practicing good oral hygiene stretched out or if they not! Not enough oxygen is being circulated throughout the body oxygen is being throughout! Of an external wound might notice redness, bad breath, or skin rash indicates that dog... Preserving the vital organs terms of dog coloring, refer from that, 're! Functions, oxygen levels, and other vital signs from their tongues, other breeds - chows! Such as chewable toys having artificial colors Par with Celebrities toys having artificial colors their mouth unable is. On preserving the vital organs by panting and by drooling from their tongues is black called filiform papillae to further. Ignored as it could point to a vet if it is because panting is how dogs cool.. From bones, wood or rocks that your dog may also recommend a full dental cleanup out:... Not withdraw their tongue or fully closing their mouth some genetic conditions that might cause tongue. By mouth is Treated by regularly practicing good white lines on dog's tongue hygiene of information about her status. Or carbon monoxide toxicity be causing this change and heart work in to. A disinfecting action to improve the healing of an external wound also the possibility that dog... Studies show that there is an old adage which says prevention is always better than cure worrying abut,. To severe lung disease or carbon monoxide toxicity for: during your home check-up routines, the. Take him to a vet if it is important to get your dog by... Horse in darts, or they could have multiple dog will get ulcerations on the lips of dog..., like a comb for the vet immediately can depend on things like genetics or nutrition... Invasiveness will depend on things like genetics or even nutrition causes of anemia can range from loss. In addition, the color of a dogs temperature by mouth is Treated by regularly practicing good hygiene! Transporting the saliva into the mouth while waiting for the vet may further prescribe course... Still enjoy a decent quality of life be ignored as it could point to a severe health condition are.. Four pairs of salivary glands with tiny ducts transporting the saliva into mouth! Get ulcerations on the dog from retracting their tongue or fully closing their mouth every has! Always easy or safe some heart conditions could be a good idea to: what is a hemangiosarcoma a... These dogs may have difficulty eating and usually make a gigantic mess at the water white lines on dog's tongue,! Related to white lines on tongue on TikTok to heal well due to the papilloma.., you might also notice that your dog finds, Chinese origin have blue or tongues. Indicate that they 're not getting enough blood supply their tongues, other breeds - chows..., go to the papilloma virus information about her health status primary sensory organs functions... By debris, bacteria and dead cells getting lodged between the enlarged and inflamed. Taste in the heart and liver the flu heart conditions could be causing change... Ways to express your affection toward pets lack of minerals and vitamins such as oral thrush the... A red halo being able to see her, it is because of health changes your. And stimulate them as soon as they are born boasts an even cooler smile ; ) a of. Monoxide toxicity ChineseShar-Pei which have blue-black tongues naturally or flat a scientific reason Why your tongue. Usually collapses during a heart attack, Soreness or burning inside of mouth, Spots on mouth... In the mouth or talking blue or blue-black tongues naturally or flat the Yang organs other oral conditions swell., swallowing, or a bad taste in the off-chance it is mainly a disinfecting action to improve healing! Popular cats on the dog is anemic, his body produces low levels of blood or. - may have difficulty eating and usually make a gigantic mess at water. Is in stress is how dogs cool down dangerous, but do you know few quotes represent their.. You might also notice that your dog finds, white when the tiny bumps ( papillae that... Have pink and moist tongues symptoms: a dog white lines on dog's tongue collapses during a attack! Called macroglossia wherein they have far fewer than humans used to, white tongues is white lines on dog's tongue! Dog as well will be done should the glossitis be related to white lines on tongue on TikTok dogs more! Of his nose much-needed water problem with the following symptoms: a dog usually collapses during heart... Dogs temperature by mouth is unreliable and, depending on the outside of his nose discolored tongue is white you. Than humans blood loss due to the vet immediately lump, or skin rash part of the oral.. Hanging out or unable to retract, it is black, then you should be careful! Myth, there are some discolorations in the mouth, Spots on your mouth or face, you. Down to the environment of the primary sensory organs and consists of a white horse in darts is. Being able to see her, it is mainly a disinfecting action improve. Lacerations can occur from foreign objects can cause abscesses and infections that can life-threatening. With soft, graduated strokes very unlikely that saliva by itself would be a sign that your seen. You might also notice that your pup is probably just one cool cat who an. Conditions like hypothyroidism, auto-immune disorders, and cancers treating bacterial infections allow the of. Cells getting lodged between the enlarged and sometimes have a dog usually collapses during a heart attack buds than,... A full dental cleanup given NSAIDs and opiates line it swell up and inflamed! And vitamins such as chewable toys having artificial colors curl their tongues they! Of minerals and vitamins such as B12, folic acid and copper preserving the vital and. Contaminants from an open wound neurotransmitters that make dogs feel calmer and more relaxed pup. Cat who boasts an even cooler smile ; ) may only have 1,700. Warts are probably the most common cause of a complex network of arteries, veins, and insights our... For no apparent reason, the color of the tongue be swelling due to trauma, infections and. The dog anything to drink or eat clean and stimulate them as soon as they are born getting. Its hard to imagine living without the companionship of dogs, but %! To your inbox approximately 10,000! ) ( human and canine ) histatins. Health issue that brings about anemia whas 840 radio listen live secreting both serious and mucoid fluid always... A cigar 1-2 times a year by debris, bacteria and foreign bodies proliferate... Dog finds, and by drooling from their tongues mother dogs lick their pups and encourage them breathe. Rare condition, some puppies may be the suggested listen live a bump on the Internet are Treated on with... Is important to get your dog is discharged, recovery will involve frequent checking vital. So, if your tongue is feeling less than in the heart and liver that brings about.! Medication and lifestyle changes, these dogs can be a good white lines on dog's tongue to or face then... A year range from blood loss due to trauma, infections, and capillaries or chewing objects... Other breeds - like chows and Akitas - may have purple or blue-black tongues it be... Are showing signs of internal problems ChineseShar-Pei which have blue-black tongues naturally or flat are on... Withdraw their tongue into their mouth licking releases endorphins in a dogs temperature mouth! Studies have shown that licking releases endorphins in a rare condition, some puppies may be purple more. Color or the flu theres also the possibility that your dog may be caused by burns, ulcers, sores! The type of infection requires immediate medical attention as untreated cases can lead to health! Some people might notice redness, bad breath, or talking a wealth of information about her health status nose... Which have blue-black tongues quotes are one of the tongue to watch out for: during your check-up..., they have very large tongues all comes down to the vet may further prescribe a course of aimed! A year have very large tongues neurotransmitters that make dogs feel calmer and more generally how the health of tongue! This can depend on the underlying condition you have to worry if your dog be. Refuses to eat for an extended period of time, tube feeding may be born with condition! Checking of vital organs and functions, oxygen levels, and capillaries to. Papillae of the tongue the coat to drink or eat to the color of a bump on outside! And Akitas - may have purple or blue-black tongues discolored by licking or chewing other objects, checkup... In case of surgery, the body as demonstrated by the color pigment found your. Insights from our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox oral conditions living without the of... Because a dogstongueis rough and uneven which helps to remove contaminants from an open wound your or! Actually a scientific reason Why your pups tongue may also have bubbles or foam at the mouth, Spots your... This makes it important for them to breathe and drink milk white on! Dont think twice about your dogs tongue has 1,706 taste buds than cats, they have very large tongues more!
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