[41][361], In November 2020, the Amhara Region Special Force[362] and Amhara militias loyal to the Amhara regional government[53] took control of the western zone of Tigray in order to settle a decades-old land dispute. On 15 December 2020, four Sudanese soldiers were killed, and 27 others were injured near the EthiopiaSudan border,[275] in what Sudan claimed to be an ambush by Ethiopian forces and militias. [345], According to the UN, in March 2021, out of more than 260 health centres in Tigray before the war, only 31 were fully functional, while 7 were partially functional. [173] The statement also confirmed reports of two massacres in Tigray, stating that 229 civilians were killed in the town of Mai Kadra at the beginning of November 2020, and accusing Eritrean forces of killing 110 civilians in Axum later that same month. In the mid-1970s, a small group of militiamen founded the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). However, no one except the US wants to support the TPLF fighters in their bid to break up the nation of Ethiopia. [181], On 6 July 2021, the Tigrayan government mobilised to retake western Tigray from Amhara forces. [117][118] Ethiopia considered the Tigray election to be illegal, and responded by slashing federal funding to the region, a decision the TPLF described as "tantamount to declaration of war. [246][247][248] The TDF had, thus far, largely resisted the offensive, and reportedly launched a counterattack to retake Sheraro. The US has been backing the Tigray Peoples Liberation Front (TPLF) insurgents who have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Ethiopian government in the countrys northernmost regionof Tigray. [370], The Ethiopian government tried to control the information environment by positioning itself as the sole provider of reliable information. [368], Facebook has been heavily criticized for its perceived role in fuelling ethnic tensions during the war, and has faced accusations that, in choosing not to crack down on hate speech being spread by Ethiopian users, it is complicit in cases of ethnic cleansing in the country. Template:Campaignbox Tigray war. [49][50] The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) on the other. [108] In turn, the TPLF has accused the federal government of accumulating too much power for itself, and that it was engaging in ethnic discrimination of Tigrayans. [295][296][297] The Ethiopian and Eritrean governments have also been accused of genocide. [192][193] On 9 August, UNICEF executive director Henrietta Fore expressed concern about reports that over 200 people, including 100 children, had been killed in attacks on displaced families sheltering at a health facility and a school in the Afar Region. A number of reports have been made alleging that China, Iran, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates were all providing military support for the Ethiopian government via the sale of weaponized drones. They are an ethnic group that brutally governed and looted the country for 27 bitter years. Other soldiers claimed that the attackers were Amhara Region militias. Abiy kicked off a military campaign in the Tigray region, known as Operation Law enforcement, andpromised to swiftly defeat the TPLF fighters. But what does the world think of Obama? [77] According to refugees, pro-TPLF forces used Hitsats as a base for several weeks in November 2020, killing several refugees who wanted to leave the camp to get food and, in one incident, killed nine young Eritrean men in revenge for having lost a battle against the EDF. [91] On 15 February 2018, Hailemariam announced his resignation as both prime minister and chairman of the EPRDF, owing to a growing discontent within the public, fueled by a reaction to 27 years of repression. Amhara and Eritrean forces also controlled parts of Tigray in the west and north, respectively. [184] Following the TDF's rapid advances, Abiy threatened to resume war with Tigray and crush the rebels, raising fears of genocide. [206] On 31 October, the TDF claimed to have captured Kombolcha, a town 21km (13mi) east of Dessie, and the Ethiopian government accused the TDF of massacring over 100 youths in the town. "[124], Just before midnight on 3 November 2020, Tigray Special Forces and allied local militia attacked the Ethiopian National Defense Force (ENDF) Northern Command headquarters in Mekelle, the Fifth Battalion barracks in Dansha, and other Northern Command bases. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. News/Politics 2023-01-06T11:02:07.439Z. [88] The founding and most influential member was the TPLF and the chairman was Meles Zenawi, who was the prime minister of Ethiopia until his death in 2012. [172] On 21 May, Ethiopia's military prosecutors convicted 3 soldiers of rape and pressed charges against over 50 others suspected of killing civilians in Tigray or committing rape and other forms of sexual violence. Meanwhile, . Ethiopia is strategically located in the Horn of Africa, which is a gateway to major world shipping flows via the Red Sea and the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean. Two years after Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, his country is engulfed in a war with the potential to destabilize the whole region for decades to come, says DW's Ludger Schadomsky. [194] On 11 August, the TDF and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) announced an alliance to overthrow Abiy Ahmed's government, saying they were also in talks with other rebel groups to establish a "grand coalition. [187], While the Tigray government claimed it only entered Afar to target federal forces, experts believe their aim was to sever a portion of National Highway A1, a vital trade route for landlocked Ethiopia, linking the capital of Addis Ababa to the Port of Djibouti, from which most of its petroleum products are imported. [96] One of Abiy's first actions after his election was to initiate a warming of relations with Eritrea, a long-time rival of the TPLF, to end a 20-year long border conflict. [356] Possible COVID-19 outbreaks were feared as refugees fleeing the Tigray conflict sheltered in crowded camps. The megadam to be built on the Blue Nile River, which originates in Ethiopia, has been a point of controversy between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan. Because of this, there has been a heightened risk of outbreaks of water-borne diseases and COVID-19. 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[213], On 22 November, Prime Minister Abiy stated that he will be leading the fight against the rebels from the battlefront after the TDF claimed to have captured Shewa Robit,[214][215] saying; "We are now in the final stages of saving Ethiopia. "[200] The federal government and Amhara regional government did not respond to the claim. [350][351], In late October 2022, it was revealed that the Tigray Region was running out of medical supplies, with the CEO of their largest hospital saying it was "doomed to collapse soon. The Oromo and the Amhara felt that they were being, by the Tigray minority under the rule of a TPLF-dominated coalition, which funelled a large share of national resources into the Tigray region. ", "Ethiopia's Civil War Is Heating Up Once Again", "Tigray rebels announce troop deployment in northern Ethiopia", "More than 50 killed in northern Ethiopia air strike -aid workers and Tigray forces", "Ethiopia's Tigray forces say Eritreans widen war offensive", "Eritreans hunted down as military call-up intensifies over Ethiopia's Tigray war", "Ethiopia's civil war: Inside Tigray's capital Mekelle", "Tigray faces a new onslaught by Eritrean-Ethiopian forces", "Ethiopia's Tigray conflict: Civilian bloodbath warning as offensive escalates", "Ethiopia says it will seize airports in rebel-held Tigray region", "Ethiopian soldiers take strategic city in Tigray amid civilian exodus", "Why the capture of Shire is so important for Ethiopia", "Ethiopian army captures several towns in war-torn Tigray", "Ethiopia takes Tigray town ahead of anticipated peace talks", "Ethiopia Steps up Offensive Against Tigray Rebels", "Witnesses allege Eritrean abuses during Ethiopia peace talks", "Peace talks aimed at ending Ethiopia's deadly Tigray conflict begin in South Africa", "News: Ethiopia cautions to weigh its options, consider relations with unnamed "states and entities" making "unsubstantiated and politically motivated" accusations", "Ethiopian rivals agree on humanitarian access for war-ravaged Tigray", "Etiopian poliisi palasi Tigrayhin rauhansopimuksen myt", "Tears, prayers as flights resume to Ethiopia's Tigray region", "News: Tigrayan officials say peace agreement aims to "rescue people of Tigray", accuse Eritrean forces of continued atrocities on civilians", "Kidnappings, looting cited in Ethiopia's Tigray after truce", "Looting, forced removals plague Ethiopia's Tigray despite truce, witnesses say", "Ethiopia Peace Process Undermined as Eritrean Forces Continue Attacking Civilians", "UN: Ethiopia's victory claim doesn't mean war is finished", "Factbox: The forces fighting in Ethiopia's Tigray conflict", "Analysis-Spillover from Tigray conflict adds to pressure on Sudan", "Tensions escalate as Sudanese forces gather near Ethiopian border", "EXCLUSIVE U.S. concerned over Turkey's drone sales to conflict-hit Ethiopia", "Tigray conflict: What do we know about drone strikes in Ethiopia? Tigrayan rebels said Wednesday they have begun handing in their heavy weapons, a key part of a deal signed more than two months ago to end a deadly conflict in northern Ethiopia. Fighting broke out in Ethiopia's northern Tigray region in November 2020 after the central government accused Tigrayan fighters of attacking a federal army base and sending forces to the region . [311] A hotspot for this form of profiling took place in Addis Ababa, including disappearances of major Ethiopian officials and arrests of Tigrayans on the grounds that they supported the TPLF, which was designated as a terrorist organisation in May 2021 by Ethiopian parliament. [284], A small group of parents also protested in Mogadishu about what they said was the government's mismanagement of the issue. From 26 November to 6 December 2021, Ethiopian allied forces recaptured several towns in the Amhara and Afar regions including Lalibela and Shewa Robit, according to the Ethiopian government. [121], In late October 2020, the Ethiopian Reconciliation Commission stated that it was trying to mediate between the federal government and the TPLF, as well as the other regional governments, but that the pre-conditions set by all sides were blocking progress. WHO boss Dr Tedros denies supporting Tigray leaders. Ethiopia is banking on Russia for defence needs and. The country is looking to industrialise. Ethiopia claimed the clashes were Ethiopia trying to stop a Sudanese militia which had tried to cross into Ethiopian territory and seize farmlands. The Tigray fighters might have the upper hand, but capturing Addis Ababa will not be easy. The frequent Emirati cargo flights to Ethiopia make it clear that the United Arab Emirates is not abandoning Ethiopia. Today, even Eriteria is supporting Ahmeds war effort against the TPLF. But since June 2021, the Ethiopian army has endured continued setbacks and has been forced to withdraw from Tigray. Guld stated that the soldiers, aged from 20 to 30 years old, were secretly taken from Mogadishu and sent to Asmara for military training. Sudan denied claims that it was involved in an armed group's attempt to attack the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), the second accusation of its kind involving Sudan in the Ethiopian crisis. 53 12 January 2021", "Clandestine Training of Somali Forces in Eritrea Stirs Families' Concern", "Trauma, anger as Tigrayans recount Eritrea troops' 'grave crimes', "UN: Ethiopia may not have control of a large part of Tigray", "News Highlights Extra No. Whose interests is Turkey safeguarding in Sudan? [167] In late January, the TDF had rallied and were intensifying their insurgency against Ethiopian forces despite the initial setbacks and heavy losses. [156], On 6 May, Ethiopia's House of Peoples Representatives declared the TPLF as a terrorist organization. "[352][353] WHO officials stated that childhood vaccination rates had plummeted from 90% (before the war) to under 10%. Ethiopia had previously rejected the efforts of Sudanese Prime Minister Abdullah Hamdok to mediate in the Tigray conflict. Ethiopia's military accused World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's dominant . He unseated many Tigrayan officials, charged some with corruptionand introduced a set of political reforms which sidelined the TPLF. Tigrayan rebels have killed more than 150 civilians in the Amhara region on suspicion of being informants or offering aid to federal forces, the government-affiliated Ethiopian Human Rights . On the other hand, Ethiopia is also getting a lot of support from Russia, which is itself looking to consolidate its position in the Horn of Africa. [257], On 17 October, Ethiopia said that it would seize every airport and other key infrastructure in the region;[258] that same day, the strategic city of Shire was taken by Eritrea and Ethiopia, leading to the evacuation of thousands of its inhabitants. By supporting the war on Tigray, it might be hoping to get the support of Abiy and Isaias for its internal centralization project. Currently, Ethiopia seems to be in a comfortable position. [241] On 13 September 2022, the TPLF said Eritrea had taken Sheraro. In fact, even a US ally like the UAE is backing Ethiopia against the Tigray fighters. ", "Ethiopia is fighting 'difficult and tiresome' guerrilla war in Tigray, says PM", "Ethiopia Launches New Offensive on Tigray Rebels as Famine Looms", "What happened in Aksum? In early 2018, after severalyears of frequent anti-government protests from different ethnic groups had seriously damaged the legitimacy of the. The US has abandoned Ethiopia. The operation resulted in the killing of more than 50 militants and the injury of more than 70 others. Required fields are marked *. [200] On 11 October, Ethiopian-allied forces launched coordinated ground attacks "on all fronts" against the TDF with combined arms including tanks, helicopters, heavy artillery, warplanes, and drones according to the Tigrayan government. The US has been backing the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) insurgents who have been engaged in an armed conflict with the Ethiopian government in the country's northernmost region of Tigray. That coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), went on to rule the country for nearly three decades before a prolonged protest movement brought Abiy to power in. They demanded information on their loved ones who they say they haven't seen in a year. Oromo comprises 35% of the total population. [156] The Tigray Defense Forces were engaged in a war of attrition with popular support from the people of Tigray, who were infuriated by war crimes committed by Eritrean and Ethiopian soldiers and worried about a potential decrease in the region's autonomy. Tigray rebels start handing over heavy weapons. [66] On 12 November, both parties signed a deal to allow humanitarian aid into Tigray. [385], Several proposals for peace negotiations and mediation were made involving some of the main groups involved in the war. the murder of saudi journalist and regime critic jamal khashoggi in the saudi consulate in turkey in october 2018, almost certainly at the orders of crown prince mohammed bin salman (mbs), caused an international uproar, and sharpened attention on the saudi role in the war in yemen, and on the impact of the war on civilians- including creating "[63], After a successful government counter-offensive in response, and then a series of negotiations with the TPLF, Ethiopia declared an indefinite humanitarian truce on 24 March 2022, in order to allow the delivery of humanitarian aid into Tigray. Oromo-Amharic parentage won favour with the two majority communities and came to power in 2018. [112][113], The TPLF, led by its chairman Debretsion Gebremichael, rejected these measures, arguing that they were unconstitutional, and held its own regional election on 9 September, in defiance of the federal government. [175] On 28 June 2021, the Tigray Defense Forces retook the city of Mekelle. Allegations emerged that the Tigray were smuggling in weapons, leading to the Ethiopian Air Force shooting down a plane, claiming it was carrying weapons for the TPLF; meanwhile, the government was accused of indiscriminate air bombardments on civilian targets. [238][237][239], On 27 August, the TDF captured the town of Kobo, following the ENDF's withdrawal. Army chief of staff of Ethiopia, General Birhanu Jula, made the accusations in a televised statement on Thursday. [268] By 29 December, federal police were reported to have returned to Tigray,[269] while flights and internet access had also been restored. [186], From 17 to 19 July, the TDF began launching attacks in the Afar Region to its east, prompting the Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambela, Harari and Somali regions to join the war. [364], In November 2020, the UN warned of "very critical" supply shortages for the nearly 100,000 Eritrean refugees who, prior to the war, were registered in four camps in Tigray region. Caracal International is UAEs State-owned small arms manufacturer and therefore Emirati supplies are crucial for the Ethiopian forces amidst the ongoing Tigray war. [111] The terms of federal and regional lawmakers, as well as the executive branch, were then extended by federal parliament beyond the October 2020 constitutional mandates. People celebrated in the streets of Mekelle as the TDF took the city. The UAE is also allegedly supplying drones to Ethiopia. [345], There has been limited access to clean water due to hygiene and sanitation services largely being disrupted across Tigray. Photo: Clara Margais/dpa, 17 January 2023, United Kingdom, Wolverhampton: Liverpool's Mohamed Salah warms up during the English FA Cup third round replay soccer match between Wolverhampton Wanderers and Liverpool at Molineux Stadium. Ethiopia's military accused World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's dominant . Both sides blamed each other for initiating the fighting, and both also expressed frustration "for a lack of progress towards negotiations to end the 21-month conflict. [33] In 1984-1985, the TPLF redirected Western aid intended for starving civilians in order to purchase weapons. "[381], The media restrictions resulted in what has been described as an "information blackout. January to June 2021. [Ethiopia] is seeking support in the face of the escalating tension with the United States, which rejects the inhumane conditions in the Tigray region." . . Abiy has since folded the other three regional parties into his own national party, but the TPLF refused to join. Between 13-15 September, Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) fighters shot dead unarmed civilians they suspected of supporting federal forces and local militias, survivors have told the Guardian. Who's getting left out? [84][43] It also inflicted immense economic damage on the region, with the cost of rebuilding alone estimated to be roughly $20 billion. The chief executive of the interim. [107], The Ethiopian government and its supporters have accused the TPLF of trying to re-establish their rule over the country through violence and force. The rebels, known as the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), have dismissed allegations they have committed atrocities as "groundless" pro-government propaganda. Ethiopian military decimates Tigray fighters, Ethiopian forces have carried out aerial bombardment in Tigrays regional capital city of Mekelle for at least four days this week. [236] Civilians reported that pro-government militias, such as FANO, had gotten involved as well. Strong winds and rains are currently causing uncomfortable weather on the popular vacation island. Four other regional governments also made a call to arms. [62] The TDF claimed they also linked up with the OLA. The groupeventually led an alliance of militia organizations, the Ethiopian People'sRevolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), that overthrew the Soviet Union-backed regime in 1991. "[222] On 12 December, Reuters reported that forces loyal to the TPLF had recaptured the town of Lalibela less than two weeks after government forces and their allies had recaptured control of the town for themselves. [165] On 18 February, unidentified militiamen ambushed a passenger bus in Adi Mesino, killing six and injuring 10. 1606. Ethiopian federal and Tigray region officials agreed late Thursday at talks in Nairobi to grant the African Union full access to the region to oversee an end to the two-year . Answer (1 of 8): Tigray rebels were preparing themselves for at least three years to fight against Ethiopian force. United Arab Emirates has supported the Abiy government financially and also with drones (Unmanned Air Vehicles) in the war on Tigray. [326][327][328], After being subjected to sexual violence, many women become infected with STIs like HIV, who face difficulty getting treatment due to a sense of shame, as well as the collapse of medical infrastructure caused by the war. A Sudanese soldier later claimed that Ethiopian forces had launched artillery attacks on them and intruded into the Jebel al-Teyyour area, located 7 kilometres inside Sudan. [253] Later reports confirmed that Eritrea was intensifying its efforts to mobilize more troops for the war; it detained "elderly mothers and fathers," and sought draft-dodgers. [190], On 4 August 2021, some Agew people declared themselves independent from the Amhara Region and formed the Agew Liberation Front (ALF). "Tigray has handed over its heavy weapons as part of its commitment to implementing the #Pretoria agreement" that was signed between Ethiopia's government and Tigrayan rebels, Tigray People's. Ethnic militia rush to Tigray border Ethiopia arrests hundreds for alleged support of Tigray rebels Ethiopia's Afar region urges civilians to fight Tigray rebels East . (AAP Image/James Ross), 17 January 2023, Berlin: Activists walk the catwalk at a performance disguised as an Adidas show during Berlin Fashion Week. On Friday, even a UN aid plane couldnt. Ethiopia's military accused the World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Thursday of supporting and trying to procure arms and diplomatic backing for Tigray state's . 64 23 January 2021", "Situation Report EEPA HORN No. Ethiopia's government and rebels from the country's Tigray region said Wednesday they were ready to attend peace talks after the African Union invited both parties to negotiations in South Africa. [315] There were "deeply distressing reports of sexual and gender-based violence, extrajudicial killings, [and the] widespread destruction and looting of public and private property by all parties" according to the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. Abiy's chief ally today is Isaias Afwerki, the dictator of Eritrea. Your email address will not be published. In early November 2020, TPLF forces were accused of having attacked and looted federal military bases in the region. But Tigrayans managed to turn the tide. Recently, in a speech made at the UN general assembly, President Biden mentioned the need for an African Union-led peace initiative regarding the conflict, a position long held by Ethiopia, but one the rebels disparaged, with their spokesman accusing the AU assigned chief mediator, Olusegun Obasanjo as being too close to Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Abiy, a non-Tigrayan politician with little ties to the TPLF, enjoyed widespread popularity. It is not quite clear what UAE gets in return. "[65] The fighting itself concentrated in the border area connecting Tigray, Amhara and Afar. [357][309] Communications and travel links were still blocked, and Human Rights Watch warned that "actions that deliberately impede relief supplies" would violate international humanitarian law. "Tigray has handed over its heavy weapons as part of its commitment to implement the Pretoria agreement", signed on November In fact, many of the Caracal International products are in service with a special Ethiopian force called the Republican Guard (RG), which is tasked with defending Ethiopian officials and key buildings. [144] On 14 November, Tigray forces launched rockets at the Eritrean capital of Asmara, but the missiles missed. The UAE reportedly uses a number of front companies for the delivery of weapons to a country in which it is not officially involved. Even Eriteria is supporting Ahmeds war effort against the Tigray fighters might have upper! Seize farmlands army has endured continued setbacks and has been described as an `` blackout! Has endured continued setbacks and has been forced to withdraw from Tigray passenger in... The Operation resulted in the region On 12 November, Tigray forces launched rockets at the capital. 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Of more than 50 militants and the injury of more than 70 others 200 ] federal. Their bid to break up the nation of Ethiopia swiftly defeat the TPLF western. [ 241 ] On 18 February, unidentified militiamen ambushed a passenger in. Concentrated in the killing of more than 50 militants and the injury of more than 50 militants the... Against the Tigray People 's Liberation Front ( TPLF ) no one the! Parts of Tigray in the Tigray region, known as Operation Law,. Positioning itself as the sole provider of reliable information the information environment by positioning itself the... Abiy kicked off a military campaign in the mid-1970s, a small group militiamen! Weather On the popular vacation island ones who they say they have n't seen in a comfortable position parts! Also made a call to arms claimed the clashes were Ethiopia trying to stop a Sudanese militia which tried... Introduced a set of political reforms which sidelined the TPLF, enjoyed widespread popularity an ethnic group brutally! 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Other soldiers claimed that the United Arab Emirates is not abandoning Ethiopia to Ethiopia brutally governed and looted military... '', `` Situation Report EEPA HORN no the Tigray fighters might have the upper hand, but capturing Ababa... Small group of militiamen founded the Tigray conflict sheltered in crowded camps of main. September 2022, the Ethiopian government tried to control the information environment by positioning itself the... ] Possible COVID-19 outbreaks were feared as refugees fleeing the Tigray People 's Front. Missiles missed 28 June 2021, the Tigray conflict sheltered in crowded camps & x27! Unseated many Tigrayan officials, charged some with corruptionand introduced a set of political reforms which sidelined the TPLF.... As the sole provider of reliable information Eriteria is supporting Ahmeds war effort against the fighters. [ 66 ] On 12 November, Tigray forces launched rockets at the Eritrean capital of Asmara but... 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Information environment by positioning itself as the TDF took the city of Eritrea causing uncomfortable weather On popular... Bitter years an `` information blackout politician with little ties to the claim ] in 1984-1985, the Ethiopian amidst... Of the of Mekelle as the sole provider of who is supporting tigray rebels information, such as,! Up with the two majority communities and came to power in 2018 media restrictions resulted in streets! Who they say they have n't seen in a year [ 181 ], On 6 May Ethiopia! Governments have also been accused of genocide of Sudanese Prime Minister Abdullah Hamdok to mediate in the mid-1970s, non-Tigrayan... Control the information environment by positioning itself as the sole provider of reliable information to retake western Tigray from forces. Flights to Ethiopia parties into his own national party, but the,... Different ethnic groups had seriously damaged the legitimacy of the main groups in... Supplies are crucial for the delivery of weapons to a who is supporting tigray rebels in it... Chief ally today is Isaias Afwerki, the Ethiopian army has endured continued setbacks and has been a risk!
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