Aside from the human cost, the outbreak was severely eroding the economy. Below you can find a map of Sierra Leone provinces: Sierra Leone is divided into five units as the highest level administrative division. He arrived along the West African coast during the rainy season in September 1462. The majority of the Kono ethnic group are Christians, though with an influential Muslim minority. [201] Many Christian organisations in Sierra Leone, including the Council of Churches condemned Ajisafe's sermon against Islam and Muslims. Many Liberated Africans were so unhappy that they risked the possibility of being sold back into slavery by leaving Sierra Leone and going back to their original villages. One traditional leader from each district occupies a seat in Sierra Leone's parliament. The coup plot led to the execution of seventeen soldiers by firing squad. As head of the armed forces, General Momoh had been loyal to Stevens, who had appointed him to the position. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). In Freetown there no particular ethnic group that dominates the population since it is home to all of Sierra Leone's people. Agyepong I. [30], Sierra Leone's dense tropical rainforest and swampy environment were considered impenetrable; it was also host to the tsetse fly, which carried a disease fatal to horses and the zebu cattle used by the Mande-speaking people. By January 2002, the war was declared over. [107] Mining and slash and burn for land conversion such as cattle grazing dramatically diminished forested land in Sierra Leone since the 1980s. Lansana placed Stevens under house arrest in Freetown and insisted that the determination of the Prime Minister should await the election of the tribal representatives to the House. Sierra Leone Police was established by the British colony in 1894; it is one of the oldest police forces in West Africa. It is the fifth-largest city in Sierra Leone, and the Tenme people make up the largest ethnic group in the city. [110], Until 2002, Sierra Leone lacked a forest management system because of the civil war that caused tens of thousands of deaths. [185][186] The vast majority of Sierra Leonean Muslims are adherent to the Maliki school of Sunni Islam. The NPRC's efforts proved to be nearly ineffective as the ousted Momoh administration in repelling the RUF rebels. Like the neighbouring Temne, the Loko are Muslim majority. It is bordered by Liberia to the southeast and Guinea surrounds the northern half of the nation. Agricultural activities are the major contributors to the economy in this province; farming, fishing, and raising livestock are some of the most common ways people earn money here. On 29 April 1992, a group of young soldiers in the Sierra Leone Army, led by seven army officersLieutenant Sahr Sandy, Captain Valentine Strasser, Lieutenant Solomon "SAJ" Musa, Captain Komba Mondeh, Lieutenant Tom Nyuma, Captain Julius Maada Bio and Captain Komba Kambo[89]staged a military coup that sent president Momoh into exile in Guinea, and the young soldiers established the National Provisional Ruling Council (NPRC), with 25-year-old Captain Valentine Strasser as its chairman and Head of State of the country. The total population of Sierra Leone is 7813000 people - 0.1% of the total population of the Earth. East End Lions and Mighty Blackpool have an intense rivalry and when they play each other the national stadium in Freetown is often sold out and supporters of both clubs often clash with each other before and after the game. The Krios, led by Isaac Wallace-Johnson, opposed the proposals, as they would have resulted in reducing the political power of the Krios in the Colony. On 20 April 1960, Milton Margai led a 24-member Sierra Leonean delegation at constitutional conferences that were held with the Government of Queen Elizabeth II and British Colonial Secretary Iain Macleod in negotiations for independence held in London. Four of these are provinces, and one is simply called the Western Area. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. The small but significant Krio people (descendants of freed African American, West Indian and Liberated African slaves who settled in Freetown between 1787 and about 1885) make up about 3% of the population. Sierra Leone is bordered on the north and east by Guinea, on the south by Liberia, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. [258] Among newspaper readership, young people are likely to read newspapers weekly and older people daily. Problems experienced with access to the Internet include an intermittent electricity supply and a slow connection speed in the country outside Freetown. 132 members are elected concurrently with the presidential elections; the other 16 seats are filled by paramount chiefs from the country's 16 administrative districts. This would imply that the identity of the person who named Sierra Leone is unknown. [221] The establishment of the Coalition was concurrent with the declaration by the 72nd World Health Assembly that emergency care systems are essential to universal health coverage. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. Combined, the two provinces had a total land area of 35,936 square kilometers (13,874 square miles), but there is no official measure of the areas of the new individual provinces. Authorities have been slow to implement reforms in the civil service, and the pace of the privatisation programme is also slackening and donors have urged its advancement. [234] During the Civil War (19912002), many soldiers took part in atrocities and many children were forced to fight. This means that no airline registered in Sierra Leone may operate services of any kind within the European Union. The results were that 64% of children were diagnosed with ARI where firewood stoves were used, and 44% where charcoal stoves were used. It works to prevent crime, protect life and property, detect and prosecute offenders, maintain public order, ensure safety and security, and enhance access to justice. [1] [2] Previously, the country was divided into 14 districts. The country is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest.[102]. Sierra Leone is home to Sub-Saharan Africa's first Western-style university: Fourah Bay College (established in 1827). General Tarawalie was also a strong loyalist and key Momoh supporter. Among the soldiers arrested was a little-known army corporal, Foday Sankoh, a strong Bangura supporter, who would later form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). It is estimated that there will be a 30% to 40% cost reduction on solar products with the lack of duties and taxes. Dozens of soldiers loyal to the ousted president Momoh were arrested, including Colonel Kahota M. Dumbuya and Major Yayah Turay. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials, including David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna (father of writer Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted of attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. Koidu Town is home to two of the ten most rough and largest diamonds in the world and was found in the Woyie River which flows through the city. [16] Muslims make up about three-quarters of the population, though with an influential Christian minority. In seeing the shape of mountains like a Lion and amidst the thunderstorm he named the mountains Sierra Lyoa (meaning Lion Mountains in Portuguese) Later, the name Sierra Leone was derived from the Portuguese term Sierra Lyoa. It has never qualified for the FIFA World Cup but participated in the 1994 and 1996 African Cup of Nations. In addition, differences between the Register of Liberated Africans of 1808 and the List of Captured Negroes of 1812 (which emulated the 1808 document) revealed some disparities in the entries of the recaptives, specifically in the names; many recaptives decided to change their given names to more anglicised versions which contributed to the difficulty in tracking them after they arrived in Sierra Leone. Falaba District Falaba District is a district in the Northern Province of Sierra Leone. Because of their trading, the Fulas are found in nearly all parts of the country. The vast majority of Limba support the All People's Congress (APC) political party. This allowed the crown to organize labour forces for timber cutting or mining, to grow cash crops for export, or to send work expeditions to plantations as far away as the Congo. For example, some of the Liberated Africans were forced to change their name to a more Western sounding one. This is due to substandard safety standards.[154]. The national capital Freetown, which makes up the Western Area Urban District, and the other is the Western Area Rural with a main town known as Waterloo, is governed by a directly elected city council headed by a mayor. [63], The British interacted mostly with the Krios in Freetown, who did most of the trading with the indigenous peoples of the interior. A general election was called later that year in which corruption was again endemic; the APC won 74 seats and the SLPP 15. [65] The defeat of the Temne and Mende in the Hut Tax war ended mass resistance to the Protectorate and colonial government, but intermittent rioting and labour unrest continued throughout the colonial period. In 1967, riots broke out in Freetown against Margai's policies; in response he declared a state of emergency across the country. The Sierra Leone Peninsula, which is the site of Freetown, is a region of thickly wooded mountains that run parallel to the sea for about 25 miles (40 km). It also borders Liberia and each of Sierra Leones five administrative regions. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. [29] Over time, the climate changed considerably, altering boundaries between different ecological zones, affecting migration and conquest. The districts are further divided into a total of 190 (prior to 2017, 149) chiefdoms,[1] whose elected leaders provided most of local government from 1896 to 2004, when they were supplemented by elected local councils. PPRC Orders TIIEMC to Put District Executive Elections on Hold, APC Youth Leader Declared Wanted For Threatening Paramount Chief, Womens Premier League Receives Huge Financial Support, ACC Commissioner Reminisces Grammar School Days, Join Sierraloaded WhatsApp group for Latest Sierra Leone News, Sports & Entertainment Updates - CLICK HERE, Support Sierraloaded Nationwide Coverage of Sierra Leone 2023 Elections, Sierra Leone 2021 Mid-Term Population And Housing Census, Lands Ministry Affirms Plans to Construct Commercial City at Lungi, Some Registration Centres Did Not Open on the first Day, National Election Watch Reveals, FASD DAY: SLAPA Raises Awareness on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Orange Sierra Leone Holds Its First End of Year Digital Media Retreat, Sierra Leone Entertainment Industry Writes Open Letter to The Sierra Leone Police Over Arrest of Boss La, BREAKING: APC Honourable Emmanuel Saidu Conteh Granted Bail, Musa Tombo Scores For Sierra Leone Against Ivory Coast, Coke N Gin 5 Years Nor to 5 Days Ft Boss La, Sierra Leone Aviation Authority Reacts to Left Baggage for Incoming Passengers for Royal Air Moroc, Turkish Airlines, Persons With Disability Plummet NaCSA And Challenge Authorities, Popular St. Edwards Secondary School Teacher, Ibrahim Sesay Announced Dead, Education Minister, David Sengeh Reveals Dates For 2023 WASSCE, BECE, and NPSE Exams, BREAKING: Government of Sierra Leone Announces New Transportation Fares For Public Transport, Check Out the Tentative Dates for all Public Examinations in Sierra Leone, Government of Sierra Leone Reduces Fuel Pump Prices. Sierra Leone has one of the world's largest deposits of rutile, a titanium ore used as paint pigment and welding rod coatings. Islam and Christianity are the two main religions in the country. In 1799 some of the settlers revolted. Bunce Island became a prime spot for transporting slaves to Europe and America. One of the most popular tourist destinations in Sierra Leone is located in this province: Outamba-Kilimi National Park. The largest district geographically, Koinadugu, has a much lower density of 21.4 persons per square km. By 2004, the disarmament process was complete. In the 1972 by-elections, the opposition SLPP complained of intimidation and procedural obstruction by the APC and militia. The interior plateau and mountain region, encompassing roughly the eastern half of the country, is composed mainly of granite with a thick laterite (iron-bearing) crust; to the west, it is bounded by a narrow outcrop of mineral-bearing metamorphic rocks known as the Kambui Schists. The next few years under the Momoh administration were characterised by corruption, which Momoh defused by sacking several senior cabinet ministers. 14 are rural, with the capital Freetown divided into 2 districts. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The Military of Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone Armed Forces (RSLAF), are the unified armed forces of Sierra Leone responsible for the territorial security of Sierra Leone's border and defending the national interests of Sierra Leone within the framework of its international obligations. Other minority ethnic groups are the Kuranko, who are related to the Mandingo and are largely Muslims. The Kuranko are believed to have begun arriving in Sierra Leone from Guinea in about 1600 and settled in the north, particularly in Koinadugu District. The 1898 Hut Tax rebellion occurred as a response to British attempts to impose an annual tax on all houses in the country. [103] The country has four distinct geographical regions. They seized control of the government, arresting Lansana, and suspending the constitution. Rural areas are the most common to lack access to education having only male-headed four per cent ahead of females with basic education and 1.2 per cent more at post-graduate level. They resisted payment of taxes, tensions over the new colonial requirements and the administration's suspicions towards the chiefs, led to the Hut Tax war of 1898, also called the Temne-Mende War. In October 1990, owing to mounting pressure from both within and outside the country for political and economic reforms, president Momoh set up a constitutional review commission to assess the 1978 one-party constitution. The reasons for the significant differences between the 2015 and 2021 figures are unclear. All of Sierra Leone's Heads of State have been Christians except Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, who was a Muslim. Although the British government recommended leniency, Cardew insisted on sending the chief and two allies into exile in the Gold Coast; his government hanged 96 of the chief's warriors. The provincial districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms, which have traditionally been led by paramount chiefs, recognised by the British administration in 1896 at the time of organising the Protectorate of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone's tropical climate, heavy annual rainfall, and abundance of rivers give it the potential to realistically pursue more solar and hydropower alternatives. Helicopters are also available from the airport to other major cities in the country. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. The group set up the National Reformation Council (NRC), with Andrew Juxon-Smith as its chairman and Head of State of the country. Sheikh Muhammad Taha Jalloh is the president of the Sierra Leone Supreme Islamic Council. By September 2014, with the closure of borders, the cancellation of airline flights, the evacuation of foreign workers and a collapse of cross-border trade, the national deficit of Sierra Leone and other affected countries was widening to the point where the IMF was considering expanding its financial support. Stevens reorganised the country's oil refinery, the government-owned Cape Sierra Hotel, and a cement factory. Fourteen clubs from across the country compete in the Sierra Leone Premier League. More and more of the country fell into the hands RUF fighters, and by 1994 they had gotten control of much of the diamond-rich Eastern Province and were getting close toward the capital Freetown. Sierra Leone became an independent, sovereign state on 27 April 1961 with Milton Margai as its Prime Minister. The national capital Freetown sits on a coastal peninsula, situated next to the Sierra Leone Harbour. In other words, the population of Sierra Leone has grown almost three and half times it was in 1963 (2,180,355). As a result, Albert Margai became unpopular in the Creole community, many of whom had supported Sir Milton. We operate Wellbody Clinic; support Koidu Government Hospital (KGH), Kono's only hospital; and are supporting smaller public primary . A brief coup in 1997 led by Sierra Leone Army major Johnny Paul Koroma ousted Kabbah, who went into exile in Guinea. In eastern Sierra Leone the plateau is interspersed with high mountains, where Mount Bintumani reaches 1,948m (6,391ft), the highest point in the country. The 2021 census is a mid-term census. [60], In the early 19th century, Freetown served as the residence of the British colonial governor of the region, who also administered the Gold Coast (now Ghana) and the Gambia settlements. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. [156] The majority of the population relies on biomass fuels for their daily survival, with firewood and coal used most prevalently. [56][57][58][59], The settlement of Sierra Leone in the 1800s was unique in that the population was composed of displaced Africans who were brought to the colony after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. [13] Freetown is the capital and largest city. Media in Sierra Leone began with the introduction of the first printing press in Africa at the start of the 19th century. [54] Though some people happily embraced these changes because they considered it as being part of the community, some were not happy with these changes and wanted to keep their own identity. The vast majority of Kissi are Christians. Sherbro also sent fighters to assist Bai Bureh in the fight against the British. They are the original owners of the Futa Djallon region covered by a vars land area both the Susu and Yalunka people are descendants of the Mande people. The country has a population of 7,092,113 as of the 2015 census. [257] These levels do vary between areas of the country, with the Western Area having the highest levels and Kailahun the lowest. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. On 19 October 1998, 24 soldiers in the Sierra Leone armyincluding Gborie, Brigadier Hassan Karim Conteh, Colonel Samuel Francis Koroma, Major Kula Samba and Colonel Abdul Karim Sesaywere executed by firing squad after they were convicted in a court martial in Freetown, some for orchestrating the 1997 coup that overthrew President Kabbah and others for failure to reverse the mutiny.[94]. Dozens of soldiers were arrested and convicted by a court martial in Freetown for their participation in the mutiny against the president. Other courts include the High Court of Justice, the Court of Appeal, the magistrate courts, and traditional courts in rural villages. [203] The Jehovahs Witnesses[204] and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[205][206] are the two most prominent non-Trinitarian Christians in Sierra Leone, and they form a small but significant minority of the Christian population in Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone is officially a secular state. The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. Educated Krios held numerous positions in the colonial government, giving them status and well-paying positions. Another 24 were discharged, and another 23 ran away. [243], Rice is the staple food of Sierra Leone and is consumed at virtually every meal daily. "[132], Within the context of local governance, the districts are governed as localities. [235], The water supply in Sierra Leone is characterised by limited access to safe drinking water. [64] With this change, the British began to expand their administration in the region, recruiting British citizens to posts and pushing Krios out of positions in government and even the desirable residential areas in Freetown.[64]. The executive branch of the Government of Sierra Leone, headed by the president of Sierra Leone has extensive powers and influences. The current acting chief justice of Sierra Leone is Desmond Babatunde Edwards. These Liberated Africans or recaptives were sold for $20 a head as apprentices to the white settlers, Nova Scotian Settlers, and the Jamaican Maroons. The president is the head of state, the head of government and the commander-in-chief of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. Protesters have been killed by security forces, as have prison rioters (in one incident at Pademba Road Prison, 30 inmates and one correction officer were killed). Bo District Bombali District Bonthe District Kailahun District Kambia District Kenema District Koinadugu District Kono District Moyamba District [216], The prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the population is 1.6%, higher than the world average of 1% but lower than the average of 6.1% across Sub-Saharan Africa. The candidate was Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and Stevens' own choice to succeed him. (2003) Book review: "The Athens of West Africa: A History of International Education at Fourah Bay College, Freetown, Sierra Leone by Daniel J. Paracka Jr. New York: Routledge". Development of the city began in 1889 with the construction of the Sierra Leone Government Railway, which was operational until 1974. The coastal swamp region extends along the Atlantic for about 200 miles (320 km). Realizing that he lacked sufficient strength, he resorted to diplomacy. Statistics Sierra Leone in its report said the country started recording its population in 1963, then numbering two million one hundred and eighty thousand, three hundred and fifty-five (2,180,355). The country is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Mano River Union, Commonwealth of Nations, IMF, World Bank, WTO, African Development Bank, and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. The APC named a new presidential candidate to succeed Stevens at party's last delegate conference, held in Freetown in November 1985. Waterloo is the second largest city in the Western Area region of Sierra Leone, after Freetown. Sir Albert was accused of corruption and of a policy of affirmative action in favour of his own Mende ethnic group. [38] Many of these Loyalists had been slaves who had escaped to join the British, lured by promises of freedom (emancipation). No style is the best. Sierra Leone,[note 1] officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. Male. The three least populated districts are Karene, Falaba, and Koinadugu with 3.8%, 2.2%, and 2.7% respectively of the total population. In the 2004 census, Waterloo had a population of 34,079. The district has both highlands and lowlands. [254][255], Under legislation enacted in 1980, all newspapers must register with the Ministry of Information and pay sizeable registration fees. The Crown subdued the revolt by bringing in forces of more than 500Jamaican Maroons, whom they transported from Cudjoe's Town (Trelawny Town) via Nova Scotia in 1800. Makeni is also the fourth largest city in the country. Manga Sewa was born in Falaba, Solima chiefdom, in the Northern Province of British Sierra Leone to Yalunka parents. Until 1906, Madam Yoko ruled as a paramount chief in the new British Protectorate. Sierra Leone's former Vice-President Alhaji Samuel Sam-Sumana is an ethnic Kono. Prior to conducting the election, Sierra Leoneans and international stakeholders were involved in a major debate on whether the nation should focus on trying to end the long running civil war, or to conduct elections and hence returning governance back to a civilian-led administration with a multi-party system of parliament that would provide the foundation for long-lasting peace and national prosperity. Sierra Leone operates a floating exchange rate system, and foreign currencies can be exchanged at any of the commercial banks, recognised foreign exchange bureaux and most hotels. In addition to information about the provinces of Sierra Leone, well also look at how many districts are in Sierra Leone and data relating to each. [21], In early 1996, despite the country going through a brutal civil war, the emergence of the prospect of a transformation back to a multi-party democracy brought fresh hopes and great expectations among a majority of Sierra Leoneans, as the national debate "Peace before Elections vs Elections before Peace" became a hot topic. His father was a Yalunka paramount chief of Solima, a prosperous chieftaincy. [101], Sierra Leone is located on the southwest coast of West Africa, lying mostly between latitudes 7 and 10N (a small area is south of 7), and longitudes 10 and 14W. When the Leone Stars win an important match, many youth across the county rush to the street to celebrate. Although women account for about 50 per cent of the population in Sierra Leone, only 28 per cent are household heads. He was a close ally of Albert Margai, who had appointed him to the position in 1964. Now that the provinces have been divided, an exact measurement of the new provincial areas is unknown. The Sierra Leone Armed Forces consist of around 15,500 personnel, comprising the largest Sierra Leone Army,[122] the Sierra Leone Navy and the Sierra Leone Air Wing. Sir Albert resorted to increasingly authoritarian actions in response to protests and enacted several laws against the opposition All People's Congress, whilst attempting to establish a one-party state. [79] During the British annexation in Sierra Leone, several chiefs in the northern and southern parts of the country were resisting the "hut tax" imposed by the colonial administrators but they used diplomacy to achieve their goal. Please select the style of the location map in the table below. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. To formalise his war against corruption, President Momoh announced a "Code of Conduct for Political Leaders and Public Servants". The APC, with its leader Siaka Stevens, narrowly won a small majority of seats in Parliament over the SLPP in a closely contested 1967 general election.
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