wilaya). The law states that members of local, provincial, and national assemblies are elected for five-year terms and that presidential elections occur within 30 days prior to the expiration of the presidential term. In nonfelony cases and in cases of individuals held on charges of terrorism and other subversive activities that exceed a 12-day period plus any authorized extension, the law calls for the release of suspects on provisional liberty, referred to as judicial control, while awaiting trial. During the year the ICRC hosted training sessions on human rights standards related to arrest, detention, and interrogation procedures for judicial police from the DGSN and National Gendarmerie, as well as for judges. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Discrimination: Although the constitution provides for gender equality, aspects of the law and traditional social practices discriminated against women. Penalties for unlawful work stoppages range from eight days to two months imprisonment. The law established a national council to address childrens issues, gives judges authority to remove children from an abusive home, and allows sexually abused children to provide testimony on video rather than in court. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. )female: 0.7% (2020 est. NGOs reported that irregular migrants sometimes worked in forced labor and that their lack of work permits made them more vulnerable to exploitation. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. The ILO tried to visit during the year but had to cancel the visit when the government was unable to guarantee that they would be able to meet with independent trade unions. FIPS 10-4 Change Notice 12, dated 2007-06-11, showed the new provinces. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. The French southward conquest of the entirety of Algeria proceeded throughout the 19th century and was marked by many atrocities. In July, Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights (LADDH) and 15 representatives from other NGOs gathered at a hotel in Oran to discuss migration. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. Sept. 29: The Algerian Defense Ministry said the Algerian army killed five armed Islamist militants and seized weapons, munitions and food supplies during a sweep of the forests of Tazoult in the Batna province. Foreign observers from the African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and Arab League characterized the elections as largely well organized and conducted without significant problems on election day. Defendants may confront or question witnesses against them and present witnesses and evidence on their behalf. Some terrorist groups remained active in the country, including al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and an ISIS affiliate, Jund al-Khilafah. Recent Elections: Presidential elections took place in 2014, and voters re-elected President Bouteflika for a fourth term. The law contains occupational health and safety standards that were not fully enforced. The departments were divided into arrondissements, as shown below. territories were in the north along the coast, while the military territories were in the Sahara region. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. The government suspended six of 100 investigated security officers for abuse. The law prohibits discrimination by employers against union members and organizers and provides mechanisms for resolving trade union complaints of antiunion practices by employers. )hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2020 est. For example, the General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA), which represented a majority of public-sector workers, is an affiliate of the International Trade Union Confederation. Office of the U.S. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. The government issued licenses and subsidies to domestic associations, especially youth, medical, and neighborhood associations. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with Advocacy groups reported that children with disabilities rarely attended school past the secondary level. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. A January 2017 decree established a commission within the Ministry of Religious Affairs to review imports of the Quran. With this summons, police may hold a suspect for no more than 48 hours. FraudLabsPro.com 70-3-30A D'Piazza Mall, Jalan Mahsuri, 11950 Bayan Baru, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Due to this law, after the legislative elections of 2012, women held approximately 32 percent of seats (146 out of 462) in the National Peoples Congress. )refined petroleum consumption: 450,500 bbl/day (2019 est. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. )spirits: 0.08 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Religious and civil society leaders reported that the Jewish community faced unofficial, religion-based obstacles to government employment and administrative difficulties when working with government bureaucracy. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. The parliament approved their creation about 2003. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. No new trade unions were registered between January and September, and the government said it did not receive any applications. The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. Birth registration: The mother or father may transmit citizenship and nationality. The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. state province algeria. According to the NGO Reporters without Borders, private advertising existed but frequently came from businesses with close links to the ruling political party. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). ), $11,000 (2021 est. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. WebAlgiers Province ( Arabic: , Wilyat al-Jazir, [wilaja aldazair]; French: wilaya d'Alger or province d'Alger) is a province ( wilayah) in Algeria, named after its capital, ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Sahrawi refugees lived predominantly in five camps near the city of Tindouf, administered by the Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro (Polisario). Other refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants had access to free public hospitals, but independent NGOs reported instances of migrants turned away. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. 1845-04-24: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into three provinces. After the most recent Police may make arrests without a warrant if they witness the offense. In a divorce, the law provides for the wife to retain the familys home until the children reach age 18. The government used specific facilities for prisoners age 27 and younger. The governments lack of transparency over its use of state-funded advertising, however, permitted it to exert undue influence over print media. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. formed from parts of Annaba and Guelma; Ghardaa split from Laghouat; Illizi split from Ouargla; Khenchela formed from )wind: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Should the detention be overturned, the defendant has the right to request compensation. Women faced discrimination in employment. A nonresponse after this period of time is considered a rejection. Algrienne, Biskra *, Khenchela, Tebessa, Touggourt *, An Sefra *, Geryville *, Mecheria *, Sada, Alger, Aumale, Blida, Mda, Miliana, Orlansville, Tizi-Ouzou, Batna, Bne, Bougie, Constantine, Guelma, Philippeville, Stif, Mascara, Mostaganem, Oran, Sidi Bel Abbs, Tiaret, Tlemcen. )other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. )$11,600 (2019 est. Furthermore, all public demonstrations, including protests and strikes, must receive prior government authorization. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women leads a national committee composed of 12 ministries and NGOs that meets yearly to discuss child labor issues. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. The country has ratified the International Labor Organizations (ILO) conventions on freedom of association and collective bargaining but failed to enact legislation needed to implement these conventions fully. Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy, 2018 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices. the same name, with a status nominally equal to the departments of European France. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. The provinces later became divisions. The law does not differentiate between girls and boys in registration of birth. Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. the ANP has played a large role in the countrys politics since independence in 1962, including coups in 1965 and 1991; it was a key backer of BOUTEFLIKAs election in The conclusions of the 2017 ILOs Committee on the Application of Standards recommended that the government accept an ILO direct contacts mission. provinces. )-5.1% (2020 est. By law ISPs face criminal penalties for the material and websites they host, especially if subject matters are incompatible with morality or public opinion. The Ministries of Justice, Interior, and Post, Information Technology, and Communication have oversight responsibilities. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 8% (2013 est. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. These groups targeted security services personnel in periodic but small-scale attacks. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. 0-14 years: 29.58% (male 6,509,490/female 6,201,450)15-24 years: 13.93% (male 3,063,972/female 2,922,368)25-54 years: 42.91% (male 9,345,997/female 9,091,558)55-64 years: 7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)65 years and over: 6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est. Libel/Slander Laws: NGOs and observers criticized the law on defamation as vaguely drafted and said the definitions in the law failed to comport with internationally recognized norms. The military territory was divided into three The law requires the director of the publication to hold Algerian citizenship. A provision of the penal code allows an adult accused of corruption of a minor to avoid prosecution if the accused subsequently marries his or her victim and if the crime did not involve violence, threats, or fraud. )-$18.187 billion (2020 est. )services: 47.4% (2017 est. During much The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. The Ministry of Labor audited 218 organizations and found that 89 companies did not respect the 1-percent quota. The law prohibits all forms of forced or compulsory labor. Individuals may bring lawsuits, and administrative processes related to amnesty may provide damages to the victims or their families for human rights violations and compensation for alleged wrongs. SNAPAP and other independent unions faced government interference throughout the year, including official obstruction of general assembly meetings and police harassment during sit-in protests. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. Lebanon Provinces Provinces of Lebanon Buy data Donate Updates: There are two new provinces named Aakkr and Baalbek-Hermel. alterations - were consolidated into a unit called Territoires du Sud. Amnesty International and other human rights organizations criticized the law prohibiting unauthorized gatherings and called for its amendment to require only notification as opposed to application for authorization. )carbon dioxide emissions: 150.01 megatons (2016 est. The government said it did not take measures to specifically prevent and treat HIV/AIDS in the LGBTI community. Arabic: al-Jumhuriya al-Jazairiya ad-Dimuqratiya ash-Shabiya (formal), Dutch: Algerije, Democratische Volksrepubliek Algerije (formal), English: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria (formal), Norwegian: Den demokratiske folkerepublikk Algerie (formal) (Bokml), Den demokratiske folkerepublikken Algerie (formal) (Nynorsk), Algerie, Russian: , (formal), Turkish: Cezayir Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (formal), Bchar: after Wadi Bashshar, possibly from Arabic, Bjaa: ethnic name, possibly from Arabic, Constantine: rebuilt in 311 by Roman emperor Constantine the Great, El Oued: = the Wadi (intermittent stream), Stif: ancient Sitifi, possibly from Berber. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. According to AP reports, some migrants died during the 20-kilometer desert march. The government allowed international observation of the elections but did not permit local civil society organizations to do the same. Individuals may appeal adverse decisions to international human rights bodies, but their decisions would not have the force of law. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. On May 14, local authorities prohibited a gathering by novelist Hiba Tayda in Tizi Ouzou. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. Oxford University Press, New York, 1951. Since the outbreak of violence in northern Mali in 2012, international observers reported an influx of individuals into Algeria across the Malian border inconsistent with traditional migratory movements. They witness the offense installed capacity ( 2020 est for resolving trade union complaints of practices. To international Human Rights practices dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for few. 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