. "These documents remained classified for nearly a century until recent advancements in technology made it possible to release them," CIA Director Leon E. Panetta said. The program was rumored vis--vis leaks made by anonymous government officials on July 23, to be an assassinations program,[56][57] but this remains unconfirmed. [3] When the cluster bombs reached 2,000 or 1,000 feet (600 or 300 m) the bomblets would drop via parachute, disseminating their vector. 13 million CIA records were declassified and posted online a few weeks agothe result of a 2014 lawsuit filed by journalists seeking access to documents of historic value. The revelations about the CIA and the army prompted a number of subjects or their survivors to file lawsuits against the federal government for conducting experiments without informed consent. [13][54], At the invitation of Stanford psychology graduate student Vik Lovell, an acquaintance of Richard Alpert and Allen Ginsberg, Ken Kesey volunteered to take part in what turned out to be a CIA-financed study under the aegis of MKUltra,[55] at the Menlo Park Veterans' Hospital[56][57] where he worked as a night aide. Later, From left: William Picketing, James Van Allen, and German scientist Wernher von Braun brandish a model of the first American satellite Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. "U.S. vets say there were human guinea pigs | ABC7 San Francisco | abc7news.com". [45][37], Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi has stated that the CIA repeatedly misled Congress since 2001 about waterboarding and other torture, though Pelosi admitted to being told about the programs. In addition to LSD, the Army also tested quinuclidinyl benzilate, a hallucinogen code-named BZ. His "driving" experiments consisted of putting subjects into drug-induced comas for weeks at a time (up to three months in one case) while playing tape loops of noise or simple repetitive statements. CORONA also had sister programs: ARGON for mapping imagery and LANYARD, a short-lived program designed for higher-quality imagery. [62], MKUltra's researchers later dismissed LSD as too unpredictable in its results. The operation was codenamed "Project Iceworm," but operated under a cover research project called "Camp Century.". Substances which will produce "pure" euphoria with no subsequent let-down. "The Snowden leaks have generated broad public debate over issues of security, privacy, and legality inherent in the NSA's surveillance of communications by American citizens. The Corps released uninfected female mosquitoes into a cooperative residential area of Savannah, Georgia, and then estimated how many mosquitoes entered houses and bit people. High-ranking government officials in countries where the military forces operated were sometimes not aware of the armies' existence. "[72], Alfred W. McCoy writes, "Stripped of its bizarre excesses, Dr. Cameron's experiments, building upon Donald O. Hebb's earlier breakthrough, laid the scientific foundation for the CIA's two-stage psychological torture method",[73] referring to first creating a state of disorientation in the subject, and then creating a situation of "self-inflicted" discomfort in which the disoriented subject can alleviate pain by capitulating. Declassified documents associated with the inquiry are available from the Library of Congress. August 3, 1977", "The Search for the "Manchurian Candidate": The CIA and Mind Control: The Secret History of the Behavioral Sciences", Entire Four CD-ROM set of CIA / MKUltra Declassified documents released by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), image format, MKUltra Declassified documents, PDF format, Results of the 1973 Church Committee Hearings, on CIA misdeeds, and the 1984 Iran/Contra Hearings, XXVII. "Operation Sea-Spray was a 1950 U.S. Navy secret experiment in which Serratia marcescens and Bacillus globigii bacteria were sprayed over the San Francisco Bay Area in California. Investigative efforts were hampered by CIA Director Richard Helms's order that all MKUltra files be destroyed in 1973; the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission investigations relied on the sworn testimony of direct participants and on the small number of documents that survived Helms's order. He also said: "To give them the space to crush us with misappropriated secrets is a perversion of what our great Constitution stands for. This page was last edited on 16 January 2023, at 09:30. [58] The project studied the effects of psychoactive drugs, particularly LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, cocaine, AMT and DMT on people. "The CIA recognizes the importance of opening these historical documents to the public," said Joseph Lambert, the Agency's Director of Information Management Services. Project Grudge was a short-lived program launched in 1949 to study unidentified flying objects. [74][75][76][77][78][79][80], In March 2017, WikiLeaks has published more than 8,000 documents on the CIA. CIA spokesman George Little said that he could not confirm if CIA computers were used to make the changes, claiming that "the agency always expects its computer systems to be used responsibly. (Keystone/Getty Images) By Will Levith When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. [3] The fleas used in these trials were not infected by any biological agent. These declassified documents include a system designed to teach people how to focus their . [1][2] Operation Top Hat, however, was not among the projects submitted to the Secretary of the Army for approval. [76] That report prompted investigations by the United States Congress, in the form of the Church Committee, and by a commission known as the Rockefeller Commission that looked into the illegal domestic activities of the CIA, the FBI and intelligence-related agencies of the military. Declassified Army and CIA Manuals. This list may not reflect recent changes. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, That group compiled more than 9,000 pages of documents detailing crimes by U.S. troops during the Vietnam War, many of which were declassified during the 1990s. law. [21], The congressional committee investigating the CIA research, chaired by Senator Frank Church, concluded that "prior consent was obviously not obtained from any of the subjects." U.S. psychologist Zarnoff Mednick teamed up with Danish professor Fini Schulsinger to study schizophrenia progression in Danish orphans. The project became the basis for several movies, such as "The Manchurian Candidate" and "The Men Who Stare at Goats.". 94-755, 94th Cong., 2d Sess. The mission of the secret armies was simple: Prepare for a potential communist takeover and lead an armed resistance should such a takeover occur. [61] Representative Silvestre Reyes announced the probe will look into "whether there was any past decision or direction to withhold information from the committee". [3], The E14 was designed to hold 100,000 fleas and the E23 was designed to hold 200,000 fleas but the E23 failed in over half of the preliminary Big Itch tests. MKUltra plays a part in many conspiracy theories due to its nature and the destruction of most records. Research by Dr. Alfred W. McCoy, Gary Webb, and others has pointed to CIA involvement in narcotics trafficking across the globe, although the CIA officially denies such allegations. The CIA wanted to verse itself in this type of "mind control" to be able to recognize and use it in case of a conflict with the USSR. The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report on September 28, 1994, which stated that between 1940 and 1974, Department of Defense and other national security agencies studied thousands of human subjects in tests and experiments involving hazardous substances. While the classic show likely stretched the truth a little to its favor, declassified historical documents do note that the location has been used to test military vehicles and weapons. The declassified documents reveal plans for the plane to reach a top speed of Mach 4 (four times the speed of sound), and reach an altitude of 100,000 feet (30,480 meters). [19] MKUltra's scope was broad, with activities carried out under the guise of research at more than 80 institutions aside from the military,[20] including colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, and pharmaceutical companies. The CIA has been called into question for, at times, using torture, funding and training of groups and organizations that would later participate in killing of civilians and other non-combatants and would try or succeed in overthrowing democratically elected governments, human experimentation, and targeted killings and assassinations. Where appropriate, the United States seeks assurances that transferred persons will not be tortured. To learn more about the CORONA project, please see the following publications and video: [22] In 1977, a Freedom of Information Act request uncovered a cache of 20,000 documents relating to MKUltra, which led to Senate hearings. Find Your Calling with a Career at CIA. The official mendacity only became public after Barlow sued the US Department of Defense for wrongful termination. [1][2], The primary purpose for Operation Paperclip was U.S. military advantage in the SovietAmerican Cold War, and the Space Race. Army officials managed to cover up the massacre for a year before an investigative journalist with the Associated Press (AP) brought the atrocity to the attention of the American people in November 1969. (Image credit: National Archives and Records Administration). Hacking Documents", "How the CIA Can Hack Your Phone, PC, and TV (Says WikiLeaks)", "WikiLeaks posts trove of CIA documents detailing mass hacking", "Vault 7: Wikileaks reveals details of CIA's hacks of Android, iPhone Windows, Linux, MacOS, and even Samsung TVs", "Trump's CIA Director Pompeo, Targeting WikiLeaks, Explicitly Threatens Speech and Press Freedoms", Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001, "Secret CIA Files Say Staffers Committed Sex Crimes Involving Children", All the Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency, CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room, Landscapes of Secrecy: The CIA in History, Fiction and Memory, Works by or about List of CIA controversies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_CIA_controversies&oldid=1133652872, Dujmovic, Nicholas, "Drastic Actions Short of War: The Origins and Application of CIA's Covert Paramilitary Function in the Early Cold War,", This page was last edited on 14 January 2023, at 21:57. The operation was a field test designed to determine the feasibility of producing, storing, loading into munitions, and dispersing from aircraft the yellow fever mosquito (though these were not infected for the test) (Aedes aegypti). [5], The Soviet Union also contributed greatly to the motivation for this project; according to CIA director Allen Dulles, fear of "Soviet brain perversion techniques" was palpable. B Black sites (18 P) C Central Intelligence Agency domestic surveillance operations (10 P) E Extraordinary rendition program (2 C, 13 P) M Twenty years ago this month, the world learned about the existence of the first imaging reconnaissance satellite, codenamed CORONA. On average, individual images covered a geographic area on the Earths surface of approximately 10120 miles. [31], Most MKUltra records were destroyed in 1973 by order of CIA director Richard Helms, so it has been difficult for investigators to gain a complete understanding of the more than 150 funded research subprojects sponsored by MKUltra and related CIA programs. These tests showed that mosquitoes could be spread by means of various devices. "In fiscal year 2010 alone, the Agency declassified and released over 1.1 million pages of documents.". Brennan ordered the creation of an internal personnel board, led by former senator Evan Bayh, to review the agency employees' conduct and determine "potential disciplinary measures. "[17], On December 30, 2009, a suicide attack occurred in the Forward Operating Base Chapman attack in the province of Khost, Afghanistan. Abramtchik, Mikola The idea here was that the CIA could gain confessions from enemy combatants through unconventional methods like mind-control. [67]:141, His work was inspired and paralleled by the British psychiatrist William Sargant at St Thomas' Hospital, London, and Belmont Hospital, Sutton, who was also involved in the Secret Intelligence Service and who experimented on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage. Get InsideHook in your inbox. ", "Ken Kesey, Author of 'Cuckoo's Nest,' Who Defined the Psychedelic Era, Dies at 66", "I'm Whitey Bulger. [26][27] Its aim was to develop mind-controlling drugs for use against the Soviet bloc in response to alleged Soviet, Chinese, and North Korean use of mind control techniques on U.S. prisoners of war during the Korean War. [29] Whether or not the physicians were compelled is an open question. The base, which was kept secret from the Danish government, operated for seven years. The United States Military Tribunal established the Nuremberg Code as a standard against which to judge German scientists who experimented with human subjects. 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