[240], Compared with 200304, the reliability of the network had increased in 201011, with lost customer hours reduced from 54million to 40million. [16] The Underground first started accepting contactless debit and credit cards in September 2014. Likewise, Southwark follows at 21m, Elephant & Castle at 18m, followed by Pimlico at 16m . The tiling at Baker Street incorporates repetitions of Sherlock Holmes's silhouette,[302] at Tottenham Court Road semi-abstract mosaics by Eduardo Paolozzi feature musical instruments, tape machines and butterflies, [303] and at Charing Cross, David Gentleman designed the mural depicting the construction of the Eleanor Cross. Because these costs are unevenly distributed across stations and platforms, path choice analyses may be helpful in guiding upgrades and choice of new stations. Almost all of the route, and all the stations, are shared with one or more of the three other sub-surface lines, namely the District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [322], Art on the Underground was launched in 2000 to revive London Underground as a patron of the arts. The two Paddington stations operate as a combined station with shared usage statistics. [44] Only the Metropolitan Railway, along with its subsidiaries the Great Northern & City Railway and the East London Railway, and the Waterloo & City Railway, by then owned by the main line London and South Western Railway, remained outside the Underground Group's control. [38] There were other reports claiming beneficial outcomes of using the Underground, including the designation of Great Portland Street as a "sanatorium for [sufferers of ] asthma and bronchial complaints", tonsillitis could be cured with acid gas and the Twopenny Tube cured anorexia. [111], The London Underground was used by 296.1million passengers in 202021.[3]. [107][109], The lines are electrified with a four-rail DC system: a conductor rail between the rails is energised at210V and a rail outside the running rails at +420V, giving a potential difference of 630V. On the sections of line shared with mainline trains, such as the District line from East Putney to Wimbledon and Gunnersbury to Richmond, and the Bakerloo line north of Queen's Park, the centre rail is bonded to the running rails. 2. London Tube line suspended after horror double stabbing by station in broad daylight Two people have been stabbed outside of an Underground station in north west London. 2012 - A new fleet of electric trains are introduced, the first on the Underground to feature air conditioning and full-length, walk-through interiors Northern line The Northern line, opened. [57] The 193540 New Works Programme included the extension of the Central and Northern lines and the Bakerloo line to take over the Metropolitan's Stanmore branch. 4. Central line capacity increased by 25% with 33 tph at peak times by 2030. London Underground patronage by line in 201617, Underground Electric Railways Company era, Services using former and current main lines, Sub-surface lines (District, Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle), The Metropolitan and District railways joint inner circle service started in the shape of a horseshoe, a complete loop was formed in 1884. There are three instances where two separate stations share the same name: Edgware . Around 4,000 RMT Union station staff have . The line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [178][179], The line was upgraded with five new 1992-stock trains in the early 1990s, at the same time as the Central line was upgraded. The Piccadilly line will be part of the New Tube for London Project. [260] Although Fred H. Stingemore enlarged the central area of the map, it was Harry Beck who took this further by distorting geography and simplifying the map so that the railways appeared as straight lines with equally spaced stations. Central Line 1868. Tube stations were used as air-raid shelters during . Over 28 stations will have lifts installed over the next 10 years, bringing the total of step-free stations to over 100. Fares increased following a legal challenge but the fare zones were retained, and in the mid-1980s the Travelcard and the Capitalcard were introduced. [209], A concessionary fare scheme is operated by London Councils for residents who are disabled or meet certain age criteria. The Bakerloo line was extended north to Queen's Park to join a new electric line from Euston to Watford, but the First World War delayed construction and trains reached Watford Junction in 1917. [205] In March 2012 the cost of this in the previous year to travellers was 66.5million. [269][270] The word "UNDERGROUND" was placed in a roundel instead of a station name on posters in 1912 by Charles Sharland and Alfred France, as well as on undated and possibly earlier posters from the same period. Three South Western Railway passenger trains a day use District Line tracks between Wimbledon and East Putney. [310], Early advertising posters used various letter fonts. Countries of the World - No Outlines Minefield. [46] At the time, the term Underground was selected from three other proposed names; 'Tube' and 'Electric' were both officially rejected. [321] Harold Hutchison became London Transport publicity officer in 1947, after the Second World War and nationalisation, and introduced the "pair poster", where an image on a poster was paired with text on another. [39] In the early 20th century, the District and Metropolitan railways needed to electrify and a joint committee recommended an AC system, the two companies co-operating because of the shared ownership of the inner circle. The replacement of the signalling system and the introduction of Automatic Train Operation and Control is scheduled for 201922. As with the Victoria line, the service frequency is planned to increase to 36 trains per hour. Lewisham previously had two Underground stations on the East London Line, but they are part of the London Overground network. Temporary sign boards that stand at the top of escalators also maximise turbulence. Capacity can be increased further if the operation of the Charing Cross and Bank branches is separated. Approximately 55 per cent of its routes are . [318], The Johnston Sans letter font began appearing on posters from 1917. [168][169] In 2019, the Canary Wharf Group suggested the construction of a new rail line between Euston and Canary Wharf, to improve connections to the future High Speed 2 railway. [247] A special staff training facility was opened at West Ashfield tube station in TFL's Ashfield House, West Kensington in 2010 at a cost of 800,000. [246] As of 2015[update] there have been nine consecutive years in which no employee fatalities have occurred. In the 2010s, the 18.8bn Crossrail project built a new eastwest railway tunnel under central London. The latest of these lines is the highly successful Elizabeth line which was . There are 20 miles (32km) of cut-and-cover tunnel and 93 miles (150km) of tube tunnel. [152], There are 426 escalators on the London Underground system and the longest, at 60 metres (200ft), is at Angel. [134] A 2000 study reported that air quality was seventy-three times worse than at street level, with a passenger inhaling the same mass of particulates during a twenty-minute journey on the Northern line as when smoking a cigarette. The system is patrolled by both uniformed and plain-clothes fare inspectors with hand-held Oyster-card readers. In recent years, the stations of the 1990s Jubilee Line Extension were designed in a high-tech style by architects such as Norman Foster and Michael Hopkins. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled walk-through trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. The Underground uses several railways and alignments that were built by main-line railway companies. Fares are calculated based on the number of zones traversed. Hyde Park Corner is on the Northern Line. This will replace the existing fleet with new air-cooled articulated trains and a new signalling system to allow Automatic Train Operation. 4 Northern line - 58km. The London Underground map serves as a playing field for the conceptual game of Mornington Crescent[334] (which is named after a station on the Northern line) and the board game The London Game. A control room for the sub-surface network has been built in Hammersmith and an automatic train control (ATC) system is to replace ageing signalling equipment dating from between the mid-1920s and late 1980s, including the signal cabin at Edgware Road, the control room at Earl's Court, and the signalling centre at Baker Street. Passengers may not get on the first train[236] and the majority of passengers do not find a seat on their trains,[237] some trains having more than four passengers every square metre. This London Underground Stations quiz is designed to test London's biggest transport fanatics. The 6 London boroughs with no Tube stations The five unlucky London boroughs that have never been served by a Tube station are Kingston upon Thames, Croydon, Bexley, Bromley and Sutton. [14] Contactless bank card payments were introduced in 2014,[15] the first such use on a public transport system.[16]. His design was displayed at Southwark Station in collaboration with Art on the Underground to mark the opening weekend of the new Tate Modern gallery situated near the station. The Carr-Edwards report, published in 1938 as possibly the first attempt at a graphics standards manual, introduced stricter guidelines. How many stations are there on the London Underground? [72], On 1 January 1970 responsibility for public transport within Greater London passed from central government to local government, in the form of the Greater London Council (GLC), and the London Transport Board was abolished. In many stations the ventilation system is now ineffective because of alterations that reduce tunnel diameters and increase turbulence. The Bakerloo, Central, Jubilee, Northern, Piccadilly, Victoria and Waterloo & City lines are deep-level tubes, with smaller trains that run in two circular tunnels (tubes) with a diameter about 11feet 8inches (3.56m). Two people have been stabbed outside of Harlesden station in west London [176][177], The eighty-six 1973 stock trains that operate on the Piccadilly line are some of the most reliable trains on the London Underground. [335], The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations, with over 100,000 hours of live music performed each year. A route from Elephant & Castle to Lewisham via the Old Kent Road and New Cross Gate was chosen by Transport for London in 2019. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. District Line The District Line has the most stations: 60. [158], This partially changed in March 2020, when 4G signal was made available on parts of the Jubilee line, between Westminster and Canning Town, throughout the stations and tunnels. On 19 August 2016, London Underground launched a 24-hour service on the Victoria and Central lines with plans in place to extend this to the Piccadilly, Northern and Jubilee lines starting on Friday morning and continuing right through until Sunday evening. Reveal Map: World Capitals II. [73], On 28 February 1975, a southbound train on the Northern City Line failed to stop at its Moorgate terminus and crashed into the wall at the end of the tunnel, in the Moorgate tube crash. [308] Johnston was adopted systemwide after the formation of the LPTB in 1933 and the LT wordmark was applied to locomotives and carriages. The track, electrical supply and signalling systems are also being upgraded in a programme to increase peak-hour capacity. It has been shown as two separate stations at different times in the past. Some stations were closed because of low passenger numbers rendering them uneconomical; some became redundant after lines were re-routed or replacements were constructed; and others are no longer served by the Underground but remain open to National Rail main line services. Harry Potter fans will remember that the titular character has to find his way from the underground station to a secret . [80] Following the fire, substantial improvements to safety on the Tube were implemented - including the banning of smoking, removal of wooden escalators, installation of CCTV and fire detectors, as well as comprehensive radio coverage for the emergency services. On our website, you will find the following information about the London Underground: maps of daytime and night-time services, fares, timetables, maps of each tube line, and the railway lines connecting each end of Greater London. This opened in 1890 with electric locomotives that hauled carriages with small opaque windows, nicknamed padded cells. [154] Lift and escalators are abundant with advertising posters which can be used for artistic purposes due to the nature of their layout. [338] Routes on the Underground can also be optimized using a global network optimization approach, akin to routing algorithms for Internet applications. [64], On 1 January 1948, under the provisions of the Transport Act 1947, the London Passenger Transport Board was nationalised and renamed the London Transport Executive, becoming a subsidiary transport organisation of the British Transport Commission, which was formed on the same day. [165] Due to financial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, work to implement the extension is currently on hold. It's useful and clearly indicates the general directions taken by the trains (north, south, east or westbound), with all interchanges clearly shown. [9], The system's first tunnels were built just below the ground, using the cut-and-cover method; later, smaller, roughly circular tunnelswhich gave rise to its nickname, the Tubewere dug through at a deeper level. [37], With the advent of electric Tube services (the Waterloo and City Railway and the Great Northern and City Railway), the Volks Electric Railway, in Brighton, and competition from electric trams, the pioneering Underground companies needed modernising. The Underground is served by the following depots: In the years since the first parts of the London Underground opened, many stations and routes have been closed. Kings Cross-St Pancras has the most lines, Baker Street has the most platforms, Bank-Monument is the biggest complex. [92], During the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Underground saw record ridership levels, with over 4.3 million people using the Tube on some days. [100] The railway opened as the Elizabeth line in May 2022. [124], London Underground trains come in two sizes, larger sub-surface trains and smaller deep-tube trains. . Opened on 10 January 1863,[7] it is now part of the Circle, District, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines. [266][267], Commissioned by Art on the Underground, the cover of the pocket map is designed by various British and international artists, one of the largest public art commissions in the UK. Although relatively modern and well within their design life, the trains need work in the medium term to ensure the continued reliability of the traction control equipment and maintain fleet serviceability until renewal, which is expected between 2028 and 2032. [309] Johnston was redesigned, becoming New Johnston, for photo-typesetting in the early 1980s when Elichi Kono designed a range that included Light, Medium and Bold, each with its italic version. ", "Elizabeth line: almost 50 years in the planning for Crossrail timeline", "Elizabeth line: Crossrail complete after decades of struggle", "Coronavirus: 40 London Underground stations to be closed", "London Underground: Nine Elms and Battersea Power Station set to open", "Northern Line extension: Two new Tube stations open", "150 London Underground facts (including the birth of Jerry Springer in East Finchley station)", "Which London Underground line is the fastest? [258][259] A new map was published in 1921 without any background details, but the central area was squashed, requiring smaller letters and arrows. [285] Clark would later design "Chiltern Court", the large, luxurious block of apartments at Baker Street, that opened in 1929. The London Underground is frequently studied by academics because it is one of the largest, oldest, and most widely used systems of public transit in the world. London tram workers queue up for their pay at the tram subway in Kingsway, High Holborn on April 7 1930. 270 stations Since then the Underground network, affectionately nicknamed the Tube by generations of Londoners, has grown to 270 stations and 11 lines stretching deep into the Capital's suburbs, and beyond. [41][42] When the "Bakerloo" was so named in July 1906, The Railway Magazine called it an undignified "gutter title". Under TfL, London's public transport network became more unified, with existing suburban rail lines across London upgraded and rebranded as London Overground from 2007, with the former East London line became part of the Overground network in 2010. The line is predicted to run a maximum of 27 trains per hour, a 25% increase on the current 21 trains per hour during peak periods. [66][71] Also during the 1960s, the Victoria line was dug under central London and, unlike the earlier tunnels, did not follow the roads above. As at 19 March 2013[update] there had been 310days since the last major incident,[245] when a passenger had died after falling on the track. Small changes to the Tube network occurred in the 2000s, with extensions to Heathrow Terminal 5, new station at Wood Lane and the Circle line changed from serving a closed loop around the centre of London to a spiral also serving Hammersmith in 2009. [164] The line could be extended further on the Hayes National Rail line in future. Bombardier won the contract in June 2011 but was released by agreement in December 2013, and London Underground has now issued another signalling contract, with Thales. It has 50 stations, counting all branches, and is the busiest of all lines, with 294 million passenger journeys recorded in 2016/17. [96][97] Many Overground stations interchange with Underground ones, and Overground lines were added onto the Tube map. [323] Today, commissions range from the pocket tube map cover, to temporary art pieces, to large scale permanent installations in stations. [6], The Underground has its origins in the Metropolitan Railway, the world's first underground passenger railway. [40], Yerkes soon had control of the District Railway and established the Underground Electric Railways Company of London (UERL) in 1902 to finance and operate three tube lines, the Baker Street and Waterloo Railway (Bakerloo), the Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway (Hampstead) and the Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, (Piccadilly), which all opened between 1906 and 1907. Passengers travelling without a valid ticket must pay a penalty fare of 80 (40 if paid within 21days) and can be prosecuted for fare evasion under the Regulation of Railways Act 1889 and Transport for London Byelaws. On social media, email or the website, our travel tools can help you get around. [332] In 2016, British composer Daniel Liam Glyn released his concept album Changing Stations based on the 11 main tube lines of the London Underground network.[333]. [146] In the 1920s and 1930s many lifts were replaced by escalators. [241] Passengers are entitled to a refund if their journey is delayed by 15minutes or more due to circumstances within the control of TfL,[242] and in 2010, 330,000 passengers out of a potential 11million Tube passengers claimed compensation for delays. Now, the ventilation space above head height is crowded with ducting, conduits, cameras, speakers and equipment acting as a baffle plates with predictable reductions in flow. An example is Green Park tube station, where false ceiling panels attached to metal frames have been installed that reduce the above-head airspace diameter by more than half in many parts. [56], In the following years, the outlying lines of the former Metropolitan Railway closed, the Brill Tramway in 1935, and the line from Quainton Road to Verney Junction in 1936. [146] The escalators had a diagonal shunt at the top landing. It also depends on an absence of turbulence in the tunnel headspace. [159] UK subscribers to the Three mobile network can use the[160] InTouch[161] app to route their voice calls and texts messages via the Virgin Media Wifi network at 138 London Transport stations. Download free London travel maps of the London Underground and other public transport routes. These lines have the exclusive use of a pair of tracks, except for the Uxbridge branch of the Piccadilly line, which shares track with the District line between Acton Town and Hanger Lane Junction and with the Metropolitan line between Rayners Lane and Uxbridge; and the Bakerloo line, which shares track with London Overground's Watford DC Line for its aboveground section north of Queen's Park. [47] An extension of the Central line west to Ealing was also delayed by the war and was completed in 1920. The words "London Transport" were added inside the ring, above and below the bar. 1 Piccadilly line - 71km. [336] Performers are chosen by audition, with previous buskers including Ed Sheeran, George Michael and Rod Stewart.[337]. Two people have been stabbed just outside a crowded Tube station in West London in broad daylight. [1] The Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, and Metropolitan lines form the sub-surface network, with railway tunnels just below the surface and of a similar size to those on British main lines, converging on a circular bi-directional loop around zone 1. [145] The first escalator on the London Underground was installed in 1911 between the District and Piccadilly platforms at Earl's Court and from the following year new deep-level stations were provided with escalators instead of lifts. The only London Underground stations in Zones 7 to 9 are on the Metropolitan line beyond Moor Park, outside London region. There are two instances where two separate stations share the same name: there is one Edgware Road station on the Circle, District, and Hammersmith & City lines and another Edgware Road on the Bakerloo line, and there is one Hammersmith station on the District and Piccadilly lines and another Hammersmith station on the Circle and Hammersmith & City lines. These were constructed in 1926 to aid drainage of water from the platforms, but also halve the likelihood of a fatality when a passenger falls or jumps in front of a train.[250][251][252]. The London Underground Film Office received over 200 requests to film in 2000. [244], London Underground is authorised to operate trains by the Office of Rail Regulation. 3. Section 10 - Network Rail, London Underground - Individual Working Alone, Underground Electric Railways Company of London, Charing Cross, Euston and Hampstead Railway, Great Northern, Piccadilly and Brompton Railway, The Rail Vehicle Accessibility (Non Interoperable Rail System) Regulations 2010, List of former and unopened London Underground stations, London Underground infrastructure: Ventilation and cooling, London Underground infrastructure: Lifts and escalators, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of listed London Underground stations, Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, List of busiest London Underground stations, "About TfL What we do London Underground Facts & figures", "Public Transport Journeys by Type of Transport", "Annual Report and Statement of Accounts", "National Rail Enquiries London Underground", "An overview of the British rail industry", "London Underground: 150 fascinating Tube facts", "Why are there so few tube lines in South London? 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