Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. [112] Sulfur is released from areas all over the cone, resulting in a noticeable sulfur smell. [9], Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the 5,293-metre-high (17,365ft) Cerro Corona and 5,192-metre-high (17,034ft) Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively. The first of these eruptions released 1015 cubic kilometres (2.43.6cumi) of material and is known as the Soncor eruption. On 17 December 1993, another explosion created an eruption column 810 kilometres (5.06.2mi) high. [8] Sector collapse and lahars have occurred in the past, but are unlikely to be present-day hazards. Hydrocarbons and other organic compounds are also found in the low-temperature fumaroles. [99], There are high-temperature fumaroles (temperatures equal to or exceeding 150C (302F)) and low-temperature fumaroles (temperatures of less than 82C (180F)), with noticeable chemical differences between the two; the latter tend to emit far more water than carbon dioxide. [249] 8,500 years ago, the climate in the region became much drier, and the amount of erosion decreased substantially. [57] Recorded eruptions occurred in 1858, 1875, 18831885, 18981900(?) Small explosions accompanied the shrinkage until, by March 1993, the dome had disappeared again. Colors of Iceland: Fire, Earth, Ice and Water, Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 14 December-20 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Lascar volcano (Northern Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 7 December-13 December 2022 (New Activity / Unrest), Latest earthquakes under Yellowstone volcano. [191] Flow surfaces display pronounced fractures with a V profile,[192] which developed a year after the eruption. The magma supplied to the volcano ultimately comes from the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. [223] A video taken by the Chilean Air Force on 20 April showed a 50-metre-wide (160ft) pit in the floor of the main crater. According to SEGEMAR the pyroclastic flows traveled short distances to the N and SE. [42] Tumisa, to the south of Lascar, was active between 2.5 and 0.4 million years ago,[43] is composed of dacite and surrounded by pyroclastic flow deposits. [135] Possibly, the magma chamber of stage I had almost solidified when the injection of basaltic magma at depths of over 5 kilometres (3.1mi) triggered a remelting. In South America, a safety warning was issued by Chilean officials after the Lascar volcano erupted a giant cloud of smoke comprising of volcanic ash and hot gases up to twenty thousand feet into the sky on Saturday. [95], A number of xenoliths occur in Lascar's rocks; a large amount of the phenocrysts are ultimately derived from them. [60] These craters are not collapsed calderas,[57] and there is no evidence of the deposits a large explosion would produce. [35], About 30% of these flows were formed by ash and 70% by blocks,[174] with larger fragments accumulating on the margins of each flow deposit. Created by. Aguas Calientes in the middle; Lascar on the left. [137] The Manquez agglutinate above the Tumbres deposits was formed either by the Tumbres eruption or by a subsequent stage;[60] a pyroclastic cone in the western crater may be associated with this agglutinate. Add an answer . There are many fumaroles along the rim of the inner crater. [164] This eruption was the most significant of the previous two decades,[163] having a VEI of 3. [215] The collapse structures during this activity were larger than those noted in previous activity, possibly because the April 1993 eruption had emptied part of the system. [136] Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano,[137] some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. [60] This eruption was the last effusive eruption of Lascar, when later lava domes are excluded. [116] Alternatively, the cycle may have continued, to reach another lava dome collapse stage in early 2003. [47] These valleys were probably formed by erosion during glacial periods. [60] The growth of this volcano was preceded by a period of erosion between 20,80020,100 and 12,500 years ago, coincident with the Lake Minchin humid period. [229] This eruption may have been triggered by a precipitation event which added water to the volcan's hydrothermal system. Glowing was also reported in October and November 2013. [195], These flows took a long time to cool down; in the Quebrada Tumbres, they had not cooled down completely by December 1993. [252] Other reports claim that flamingos remained; other animals like donkeys and llamas were seen around the volcano one day after its eruption.[209]. [47] Originally considered part of stage III, it was more recently attributed to stage IV given the considerable (6,000 years) temporal gap between the Tumbres eruption and stage III volcanism, and the geochemistry of the rocks. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. [50] These domes cover a surface area of about 90 square kilometres (35sqmi). Other minerals include anhydrite,[57] augite, plagioclase[33] which is also the dominant phenocryst phase in Lascar rocks,[76] apatite, ilmenite, magnetite, olivine, orthopyroxene, phyrrotite, quartz, rhyolite in the groundmass, and spinel in inclusions. [228] The last eruption, on 30 October 2015, created a 2,500-metre-high (8,200ft) column of ash that prompted a raise in the local volcano alert level. [44] These lava domes are about 5 million years old,[51] and are composed of dacite and smaller amounts of pyroxene andesite,[49] along with rhyolite and visible minerals including biotite and hornblende. Other volcanic centres are also located on this line,[54] including the Corona and Saltar lava domes, and the Miscanti and Lejia volcanoes. Another explosion at 13:02 sent a column 8.5 kilometres (5.3mi) high. [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. [118], Sulfur and chlorine may be derived from the crust, evaporites such as these found at Salar de Atacama, subducted lithosphere or the mantle. A volcano in the Andes in Chile's north rumbled to life on Saturday, triggering minor earth tremors and sending a plume of smoke and ash thousands of metres into the sky.. Chile's National Geology and Mining Service reported that the Lascar volcano stirred at 12.36pm. It is composed of two separate cones with several summit craters. [183] The southern flank flows at first proceeded along a gully before spreading out. [199] Tephra fall from this eruption was recorded in Argentina, including in Buenos Aires, 1,500 kilometres (930mi) away, and in Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 overlapping summit craters. Wiki User. It was suggested the nested craters of Lscar did not form due to a large explosion nor due to simple collapse but rather as a result of long term cyclic activity: dome growth, followed by degassing of a shallow magma reservoir and conduit, resulting in subsidence of the dome and further deepening of the crater floor. [64] In some parts of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding. Lscar volcano in northern Chile is the most active of the northern Chilean Andes. Carbon in the gases may come from skarn assimilation. [141] The Plinian deposit has a colour ranging from white to creamy. Some of the material came from the conduit walls. Learn. [132] Temperatures have been estimated to be 7401,060C (1,3601,940F) for the andesite and 1,1301,220C (2,0702,230F) for the basaltic andesite. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. Status: Historical, recent phreatic explosions (2015), Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011. [7] As of 2017[update], stockbreeding and farming were the principal economic activities in Talabre. [77], The rocks of Lascar belong to the calc-alkaline series. The case of June 13th, 2015 Ojos del Salado false volcanic eruption", "Trends in the nonvolcanic component of stratospheric aerosol over the period 19712004", "Identificacin de fases portadoras y flujos de mercurio en el registro sedimentario de la Laguna del Plata, regin central de Argentina", "SERNAGEOMIN da a conocer nuevo ranking de volcanes", "Red Nacional de Vigilancia Volcnica de Chile", "El riesgo de desastres en la planificacin del territorio", Ministry of Federal Planning, Public Investment and Services, "How will melting of ice affect volcanic hazards in the twenty-first century? The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit. During minor explosive eruptions, eruption columns reach heights of up to 5,000 metres (16,000ft). Match. The volcanic complex experienced several major, up to VEI 6, pre-historic eruptions but no calderas were formed. SERNAGEOMIN reported that an eruption at Lscar began at 1236 on 10 December with an explosive event that produced a dense ash plume and pyroclastic flows proximal to the crater. In this remote territory, where eruptions are poorly recorded, many volcanoes are higher than 6,000 metres (20,000ft). [146] At the time of emplacement, the ignimbrite was still 200300C (392572F). [44] The end of glaciation may have accompanied an increase in volcanic activity, a phenomenon that has been noted at other volcanoes. Trenches mark subduction zones. The importance of the multidisciplinary approach. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. [247] In 1993, yearly precipitation at several towns around Lascar ranged from 2.5 to 20.1 millimetres (0.098 to 0.791in). [21] The presence of Mesozoic limestone is indicated by xenoliths in Lascar's lavas; the only place they crop out farther east is in Argentina. [54], Large lava flows are noticeable on the flanks of the volcano,[34] with a total of eight lava flows recognized. Science of Geology and Scientific Method 1. [27] Given the low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is often little information on their activity. Hikers were near the crater and took video of the eruption. [156] The deposits left by this erosional period contain no clear evidence of stage III activity; indeed Lascar was probably inactive between 14,000 and 10,500 years ago. These ignimbrites form a 3 steep slope in the area. [171], Vulcanian explosions started on 18 April 1993, and on 1920 April 1993, a major eruption occurred. [219], Weak eruptions, characterized by earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013. [153] The Capricorn Lava overlies the Soncor deposits. Lscar Google Earth Placemark with Features Cite Volcano Profile Chile Stratovolcano (es) 2017 CE Country Primary Volcano Type Last Known Eruption 23.37S 67.73W 5592 m 18346 ft 355100 Latitude Longitude Summit Elevation Volcano Number 2022 Microsoft Corporation Terms Latest Activity Reports Weekly Reports Bulletin Reports Synonyms & Subfeatures [168] The temperatures of the lava dome can reach 148367C (298693F). Large lava flows are visible on its NW flanks. Explosive activity presumably occurs when gases can no longer escape. Volcanic activity is characterized by constant release of volcanic gas and occasional vulcanian eruptions. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics: specifically the movement, collision and destruction of lithospheric plates (e.g. [89] There appear to be two distinct chamber systems, an andesitic one that is responsible for the frequent andesite lava and pyroclastic flow activity, and a dacitic one that was involved in the Piedras Grandes and Soncor activities. [248], During the glacial periods, the volcano most likely featured small glaciers. The Chaile flows are actually formed by two separate units and are found on the southwest flanks of the volcano, up to a distance of 6 kilometres (3.7mi). [61] Remnants of a previous edifice are visible in the craters; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the eastern cone. [26] Tertiary sediment and volcanic rocks can also be found. along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. In the case of the Andes, the oceanic Nazca Plate and part of the oceanic Antarctic Plate slide towards the continental South American Plate. [5], The new town of Talabre is 17 kilometres (11mi) west of Lascar. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. The largest eruption of Lascar in recent history took place in 1993, . [25][26] The Central Andes contain many hundreds of volcanoes, extending over the countries of Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Peru. [182] Hot pyroclastic flows on the southeastern flank covered a surface area of 1318.5 kilometres (8.111.5mi). It has a volume of 56 cubic kilometres (1.21.4cumi). [53] The oldest mafic andesites are less than 43,000 years old, while the Chaile and Saltar pyroclastic flows erupted over 26,500 years ago. It was accompanied by a Plinian fall deposit. [145] The ignimbrite features three facies, one rich in breccia, another rich in pumice, and a normal ignimbrite. The plates are so close to each other that they start to mash together, and this causes the Earth's mantle to escape from the Earth. Flashcards. [224] During the following days, additional explosions generated columns up to 3 kilometres (1.9mi) high, with little ash production. [67], The Quebrada Talabre cuts into the upper flanks of Lascar[64] and eventually joins the Quebrada Soncor. On December 9 small amounts of fine ash were emitted from fumaroles and the next day the activity was back to normal levels with only gas and steam emitted. [89], The oldest volcanic activity at Lascar occurred between 220,000[6] and less than 50,000 years ago. [43][49] Cerro Corona gets its name from a crown-shaped structure at its top. What type of plate boundary is creating lascar volcano? [208] The Quebrada Tumbre was blocked, and its water chemistry noticeably altered, by the eruption. [139] The magmas were formed from a remelted proto-pluton that had been heated and resupplied with volatiles by mafic magmas. [111] There is no clear association between periods of degassing and eruptions. Because the former are. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). Lascar is an andesitic-to-dacitic stratovolcano with 3 overlapping summit craters. [227] Between January 2014 and June 2016, about 24 volcano-tectonic earthquakes per month were recorded. [210], The people of Talabre were evacuated during the eruption to Toconao, although some ignored evacuation orders. The largest eruption of Lascar known to recorded history occurred in April 1993 and caused ash fall as far away as Buenos Aires.
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